Name of the Condition

• Bipolar II Disorder
• ICD Code: F31.81

Summary

Bipolar II disorder is a mental health condition characterized by mood swings that include emotional highs (hypomanic episodes) and lows (depressive episodes). While a person with bipolar II disorder may experience less severe mania, called hypomania, the depressive episodes can be more prominent and debilitating.

Causes

The exact cause of bipolar II disorder is unknown, but it is believed to be a result of a combination of genetic, biochemical, and environmental factors. Neurotransmitter imbalances, hormonal changes, or stressful life events may contribute to its onset.

Risk Factors

• Family history of bipolar disorder or other mood disorders
• High-stress periods or traumatic experiences
• Substance abuse, particularly with drugs that affect mood or sleep
• Certain medical conditions or treatments that alter brain chemistry

Symptoms

• Depressive episodes featuring low energy, sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in usual activities
• Hypomanic episodes characterized by heightened energy, euphoria, or irritability
• Sleep disturbances during both types of episodes
• Difficulty in maintaining relationships and employment

Diagnosis

• Comprehensive psychiatric evaluation including mental health history
• Assessment of mood patterns through patient self-reporting or reports from close contacts
• Exclusion of other psychological or medical conditions that can mimic symptoms

Treatment Options

• Medications: Mood stabilizers (e.g., lithium), atypical antipsychotics, and antidepressants to balance mood cycles
• Psychotherapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and psycho-education to manage symptoms and improve quality of life
• Lifestyle adjustments: Regular sleep schedule, healthy diet, and exercise to stabilize mood fluctuations

Prognosis and Follow-Up

With effective treatment and regular follow-ups, individuals with bipolar II disorder can manage their symptoms and lead fulfilling lives. However, ongoing monitoring and preventative strategies are crucial to mitigate relapse risk.

Complications

• Increased risk of substance abuse
• Difficulties in personal and professional relationships
• Possible progression to more severe mood episodes
• Elevated risk of suicide during depressive phases

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Maintaining a consistent daily routine with ample sleep, healthy eating, and exercise
• Stress management techniques such as mindfulness or meditation
• Avoiding drugs and alcohol
• Building a strong support network through family, friends, or support groups

When to Seek Professional Help

• Experiencing severe or enduring mood changes
• Engaging in risk-taking behaviors during hypomanic episodes
• Having suicidal thoughts or actions
• Depression that impedes daily functioning

Additional Resources

• National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): www.nimh.nih.gov
• Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA): www.dbsalliance.org
• Mental Health America: www.mhanational.org

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure accurate capture of the specific bipolar condition type, as it affects treatment and management strategies.
• Avoid confusing bipolar II disorder with bipolar I disorder (F31.81) or other mood disorders.
• Verify documentation for clear distinctions between hypomanic and depressive episodes to support proper coding.