C71.7 Malignant neoplasm of brain stem

ICD10CM code

#### Name of the Condition
- Malignant neoplasm of brain stem
- Also referred to as brain stem cancer

#### Summary
Malignant neoplasm of the brain stem, marked by the ICD code C71.7, is a type of cancer that arises within the brain stem. This is a critical area of the brain that controls vital functions like breathing, heart rate, and nerves that control movement and sensation in the face.

#### Causes
The exact cause of brain stem tumors is not clearly understood. However, genetic mutations that lead to uncontrolled cell growth are a primary factor.

#### Risk Factors
- Genetic syndromes such as Neurofibromatosis Type 1
- History of familial brain tumors
- Exposure to ionizing radiation

#### Symptoms
- Headaches, often severe and persistent
- Nausea and vomiting
- Coordination and balance problems
- Weakness in the limbs
- Sensory changes or facial numbness

#### Diagnosis
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for detailed brain scans
- Biopsy may be necessary for histological confirmation
- Neurological assessment to evaluate symptoms and physical capabilities

#### Treatment Options
- **Surgery:** Often challenging due to the sensitive location; used primarily to relieve symptoms.
- **Radiation therapy:** Targets tumor cells, often used as a primary treatment.
- **Chemotherapy:** May be used depending on the tumor’s characteristics and patient's overall condition.

#### Prognosis and Follow-Up
Prognosis varies significantly based on the tumor's size, type, and location. Regular follow-ups are crucial for monitoring recurrence and managing symptoms. 

#### Complications
- Impaired vital functions due to tumor growth
- Neurological deficits such as paralysis or loss of speech
- Potential for tumor recurrence

#### Lifestyle & Prevention
- Genetic counseling for families with a history of brain tumors
- For those exposed to high levels of radiation, minimizing further exposure may be beneficial.

#### When to Seek Professional Help
Immediate medical attention is warranted when experiencing persistent headaches, sudden neurological changes, or coordination problems.

#### Additional Resources
- [American Brain Tumor Association (ABTA)](https://www.abta.org)
- The National Brain Tumor Society
- Cancer Research UK resources on brain tumors

#### Tips for Medical Coders
- Ensure accurate coding by distinguishing between malignant and benign neoplasms.
- Confirm the specific location of the tumor, as coding may vary between cerebral cortex regions and the brain stem.
- Avoid coding errors by double-checking details in patient records to match the ICD code with the correct diagnosis.

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