B37.41 Candidal cystitis and urethritis

ICD10CM code

#### Name of the Condition
- Candidal Cystitis and Urethritis (ICD Code: B37.41)

#### Summary
- Candidal cystitis and urethritis are infections of the bladder and urethra caused by Candida, a type of yeast. These infections are less common than bacterial cystitis and urethritis but can occur in individuals with compromised immune systems or those using certain medical devices.

#### Causes
- The primary cause is an overgrowth of Candida species, particularly Candida albicans. This can happen due to factors such as antibiotic use, an impaired immune system, or diabetes.

#### Risk Factors
- Immunosuppression (e.g., HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy)
- Use of urinary catheters
- Diabetes mellitus
- Recent antibiotic use
- Conditions causing urinary retention

#### Symptoms
- Frequent, painful urination
- A burning sensation during urination
- Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
- Pelvic pain in women

#### Diagnosis
- Urinalysis to detect yeast presence in urine
- Urine culture to identify Candida species
- Sometimes imaging or cystoscopy for recurrent cases

#### Treatment Options
- Antifungal medications, such as fluconazole, are used to clear the Candida infection.
- Adjustments to underlying risk factors (e.g., better glucose control for diabetics).

#### Prognosis and Follow-Up
- With appropriate treatment, the prognosis is generally good. However, recurrent infections may require further investigation.
- Regular follow-up is crucial, especially for those with predisposing factors like diabetes.

#### Complications
- Potential for kidney infection if the condition is left untreated
- Chronic pain or discomfort
- Risk of recurrent infections

#### Lifestyle & Prevention
- Good genital hygiene and avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use can help reduce risk.
- For patients with indwelling catheters, ensure proper care and regular replacement.

#### When to Seek Professional Help
- Seek medical attention for persistent or recurring symptoms of urinary tract infection, especially if accompanying symptoms like fever or flank pain arise.

#### Additional Resources
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
- Patient support groups like the Urology Care Foundation

#### Tips for Medical Coders
- Ensure the differentiation between candidal infections and bacterial cystitis is clear in the medical records.
- Avoid coding errors by confirming the presence of candidal organisms in lab reports before coding.

Medical Policies and Guidelines for Candidal cystitis and urethritis

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