Name of the Condition

• Cardiovascular syphilis, unspecified
• Also known as cardiovascular syphilis, untreated tertiary syphilis affecting the cardiovascular system.

Summary

Cardiovascular syphilis is a complication of untreated syphilis infection, which occurs in the late stage of the disease. It primarily affects the heart and blood vessels, potentially leading to serious cardiovascular issues if left untreated.

Causes

Cardiovascular syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It develops years after initial syphilis infection if the infection is not treated appropriately during its earlier stages.

Risk Factors

• Untreated syphilis infection
• Multiple sexual partners without protection
• Individuals with HIV, as co-infection can accelerate progression
• Males and individuals between the ages of 30 to 50 years are at higher risk

Symptoms

• Often asymptomatic in early stages
• Chest pain
• Shortness of breath
• Swelling in the extremities due to heart failure
• Fatigue and decreased exercise tolerance

Diagnosis

• Serological tests for syphilis antibodies
• Aortic imaging (e.g., echocardiogram, CT scan) to detect potential aortic aneurysm or dilation
• Physical examination for signs of cardiovascular involvement

Treatment Options

• Antibiotics such as penicillin to treat the bacterial infection
• Surgery to repair blood vessels if aneurysms develop
• Medications to manage heart failure symptoms if they occur

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• Early diagnosis and treatment can lead to a good prognosis.
• Untreated cardiovascular syphilis can lead to life-threatening complications.
• Regular follow-up and monitoring are crucial to manage the condition and prevent complications.

Complications

• Aortic aneurysm and rupture
• Aortic valve insufficiency
• Heart failure
• Increased risk of death if severe cardiovascular damage occurs

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Safe sexual practices, including the use of condoms, can prevent syphilis infection.
• Regular testing and timely treatment for syphilis if sexually active.
• Healthy lifestyle choices such as a balanced diet and regular exercise to support overall cardiovascular health.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Sudden chest pain or discomfort
• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
• Swelling in the legs or feet
• Unexplained fatigue or weakness

Additional Resources

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• American Heart Association
• Local public health departments for testing and treatment resources

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure that syphilis-related cardiovascular complications are accurately coded.
• Be aware of the stages of syphilis and associated ICD codes.
• Avoid confusion by accurately differentiating between untreated syphilis and complications that directly result from it, such as cardiovascular syphilis.