A31.1 Cutaneous mycobacterial infection

ICD10CM code

#### Name of the Condition
- **Cutaneous mycobacterial infection**
- Also known as **Mycobacterial Skin Infection**

#### Summary
Cutaneous mycobacterial infection is a skin condition caused by infection with mycobacteria, a type of bacteria. These infections can lead to redness, swelling, and lesions on the skin, and they may be slow to heal.

#### Causes
Cutaneous mycobacterial infections are typically caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), which can enter the skin through cuts, abrasions, or surgical wounds, particularly when exposed to contaminated water or soil.

#### Risk Factors
- **Weakened immune system:** Conditions like HIV/AIDS or medications that suppress the immune system can increase risk.
- **Chronic lung disease:** Individuals with pre-existing lung issues may be more susceptible.
- **Environmental exposure:** Frequent contact with contaminated water, especially in healthcare settings or recreational activities.

#### Symptoms
- Red or purple skin lesions
- Swelling and tenderness
- Pus-filled blisters
- Chronic, non-healing wounds

#### Diagnosis
- **Culture and Sensitivity Testing:** Growing bacteria from a skin sample to identify mycobacteria.
- **Biopsy:** Taking a tissue sample for laboratory analysis.
- **PCR Testing:** Detecting mycobacterial DNA in tissue samples.

#### Treatment Options
- **Antibiotics:** Prolonged courses, often combining multiple drugs such as clarithromycin and rifampin, are used to treat the infection.
- **Surgical intervention:** Sometimes required to remove infected tissue or drain abscesses.

#### Prognosis and Follow-Up
With appropriate treatment, most cutaneous mycobacterial infections can be effectively managed. Regular follow-ups are crucial to monitor response to treatment and adjust therapy as needed.

#### Complications
- Chronic non-healing ulcers
- Spread of infection to other parts of the body
- Scarring or disfigurement

#### Lifestyle & Prevention
- **Protective measures:** Avoid exposure to contaminated water and maintain good skin hygiene.
- **Immediate wound care:** Clean and cover cuts or abrasions promptly to prevent infection.

#### When to Seek Professional Help
- Persistent or worsening skin lesions
- Signs of systemic infection, such as fever or fatigue
- Non-healing wounds despite treatment

#### Additional Resources
- **American Academy of Dermatology (AAD):** [aad.org](https://www.aad.org)
- **Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):** [cdc.gov](https://www.cdc.gov)
- **National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID):** [niaid.nih.gov](https://www.niaid.nih.gov)

#### Tips for Medical Coders
- Ensure the correct ICD-10 code, A31.1, is used for cutaneous mycobacterial infection, distinguishing it from other types of skin infections.
- Be attentive to documentation specifying the type of mycobacterial infection to avoid misclassification.

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