Name of the Procedure:

Echocardiography, transthoracic, real-time with image documentation (2D), includes M-mode recording, when performed, complete, without spectral or color Doppler echocardiography

• Common names: 2D Transthoracic Echocardiogram, 2D Echo, TTE

Summary

A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is a non-invasive imaging test that uses ultrasound waves to create real-time images of the heart. This version of the test does not include spectral or color Doppler analysis, but it does include M-mode recording for capturing detailed motion of the heart.

Purpose

A TTE is used to evaluate the structure and function of the heart. It helps in diagnosing various heart conditions, such as heart failure, valve disorders, and congenital heart defects. The goal is to provide detailed images to help in the diagnosis and management of these conditions.

Indications

• Symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, or unexplained fatigue
• Heart murmurs or abnormal heart sounds
• Suspected heart valve problems
• Monitoring of known heart conditions

Preparation

• Generally, no special preparation is required.
• Patients may be advised to wear comfortable clothing.
• Sometimes, patients are instructed to avoid eating or drinking for a few hours beforehand.

Procedure Description

1. The patient lies on an examination table.
2. A gel is applied to the chest area to help conduct the ultrasound waves.
3. A handheld device called a transducer is moved over the chest.
4. Ultrasound waves from the transducer create real-time images of the heart on a monitor.
5. M-mode ultrasonography may be used to measure the heart's structures and motion.
6. The procedure does not use color or spectral Doppler imaging in this case.

Duration

The procedure typically takes about 30 to 60 minutes.

Setting

This procedure is usually performed in a hospital or outpatient clinic with echocardiography equipment.

Personnel

• Cardiologist or radiologist specializing in echocardiography
• Sonographer/ultrasound technician

Risks and Complications

• Very low risk, as the procedure is non-invasive.
• Possible minor discomfort from the transducer pressing on the chest.
• Rare allergic reactions to the conductive gel.

Benefits

• Non-invasive and painless
• Provides detailed images of the heart for accurate diagnosis
• Immediate results that can aid in the timely management of heart conditions

Recovery

• No recovery time needed.
• Patients can resume normal activities immediately after the test.
• No specific restrictions post-procedure.

Alternatives

• Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE): More invasive, requires sedation, but provides more detailed images.
• Cardiac MRI: Provides comprehensive images but is more expensive and time-consuming.
• Stress echocardiography: Involves physical stress to evaluate heart function under stress conditions.

Patient Experience

• Patients may feel slight pressure from the transducer.
• The gel might feel cold initially.
• Generally, there is no pain, and the procedure is well-tolerated.
• If any discomfort is experienced, it is usually minimal and temporary.