Name of the Procedure:

Echocardiography, fetal, cardiovascular system, real-time with image documentation (2D), with or without M-mode recording
Common name(s): Fetal Echocardiogram, 2D Fetal Echocardiography, Real-Time Cardiac Ultrasound for Fetus

Summary

A fetal echocardiogram is a specialized ultrasound performed during pregnancy to assess the cardiac structure and functioning of the developing fetus. It uses sound waves to create detailed, real-time images of the fetal heart, allowing healthcare providers to evaluate for congenital heart defects and other cardiovascular conditions.

Purpose

• Conditions Addressed: Congenital heart disease, arrhythmias, and other structural heart anomalies in the fetus.
• Goals/Outcomes: Early detection of heart issues to allow for better prenatal care, planning for delivery, and preparation for potential postnatal interventions.

Indications

• Family history of congenital heart disease
• Abnormalities detected in a routine prenatal ultrasound
• Pregnant patient with certain medical conditions like diabetes or lupus
• Fetal genetic conditions associated with heart problems
• Exposure to drugs or infections that might affect fetal heart development

Preparation

• No specific fasting or medication adjustments required
• Typically, no other diagnostic tests are needed beforehand
• The patient should bring any relevant medical history and previous ultrasound results

Procedure Description

1. The patient lies on an examination table.
2. A clear gel is applied to the abdominal area to facilitate sound wave transmission.
3. A transducer (ultrasound device) is moved across the abdomen to capture images of the fetal heart.
4. If necessary, M-mode recording may be used for more detailed analysis of cardiac motion.
5. The procedure is usually non-invasive and painless, but slight pressure from the transducer may be felt.

Duration

The procedure typically takes between 30 minutes to 1 hour.

Setting

A fetal echocardiogram is performed in a prenatal diagnostic center, hospital, or outpatient clinic with specialized ultrasound equipment.

Personnel

• Sonographer trained in fetal echocardiography
• Pediatric cardiologist or maternal-fetal medicine specialist for interpretation of results

Risks and Complications

• Common Risks: There are no known risks, as the procedure is non-invasive and uses sound waves, not radiation.
• Rare Risks: Occasionally, there may be mild discomfort from the pressure of the transducer on the abdomen.

Benefits

• Expected Benefits: Early detection and diagnosis of fetal heart conditions, informed decision-making regarding prenatal and postnatal care.
• Timeline for Benefits: Immediate understanding of fetal heart health following the procedure.

Recovery

• Post-Procedure Care: No specific care is needed after the procedure.
• Recovery Time: Immediate return to normal activities.
• Follow-Up: Based on findings, additional imaging or specialist consultations may be recommended.

Alternatives

• Routine prenatal ultrasounds which may not be as detailed for cardiac evaluation.
• Genetic testing and amniocentesis for broader screening (though not focused on cardiac defects).
• MRI or advanced imaging techniques, which may be used in specific or complex cases.

Patient Experience

• During the Procedure: The patient may feel mild pressure but generally will not experience pain. Comfort measures such as pillows may be used.
• After the Procedure: There is typically no discomfort, and normal activities can be resumed immediately.