Name of the Procedure:

Microdissection (ie, sample preparation of microscopically identified target); laser capture

Summary

Microdissection with laser capture is a laboratory technique used to isolate specific cells or groups of cells from a tissue sample. This method allows scientists to study the DNA, RNA, and proteins of just the targeted cells without contamination from surrounding tissue.

Purpose

Microdissection is used to precisely target and study specific cells in a tissue sample. The goal is to obtain pure samples for genetic, molecular, and biochemical analysis, often important in cancer research and diagnosis, genetic disorders, and other medical research.

Indications

• Research on tumor cell genetics and cancer markers.
• Examination of specific cell populations within a tissue.
• Analysis of genetic and molecular changes in particular cells.
• Study of cells involved in genetic disorders.

Preparation

• No specific patient preparation is usually required as this is a laboratory procedure performed on tissue samples already obtained.
• Ensure that tissue samples are properly prepared and preserved prior to microdissection.

Procedure Description

1. The tissue sample is prepared and placed on a specialized slide.
2. A microscope linked to a laser is used to visualize the sample.
3. The laser is guided to cut around and isolate the cells of interest.
4. The isolated cells are then captured and collected for further analysis.
5. The procedure is performed under sterile conditions to avoid contamination.

Duration

The duration can vary but typically ranges from a few minutes to several hours, depending on the complexity and amount of tissue being processed.

Setting

The procedure is performed in a specialized laboratory equipped with the necessary microscopic and laser capture tools.

Personnel

• Pathologists or scientists specialized in cellular and molecular biology.
• Laboratory technicians proficient in operating the microdissection equipment.

Risks and Complications

• Potential for sample contamination if not properly handled.
• Misidentification of target cells leading to inaccurate results.
• Technical issues with the laser or microscope.

Benefits

• Highly precise isolation of specific cells for accurate genetic and molecular analysis.
• Improved understanding and diagnosis of diseases at the cellular level.
• Enhanced research capabilities in studies of cancer and genetic disorders.

Recovery

As this is a laboratory procedure, there is no recovery phase or patient care involved.

Alternatives

• Manual microdissection: less precise and more time-consuming.
• Flow cytometry: useful for sorting cells but may not be as specific for certain applications.
• Whole tissue analysis: less targeted, may dilute specific findings.

Patient Experience

• Since this procedure is performed on tissue samples outside the patient’s body, there is no direct patient experience or discomfort associated with the process.