Name of the Procedure:

Cytopathology, evaluation of fine needle aspirate; immediate cytohistologic study to determine adequacy for diagnosis, each separate additional evaluation episode, same site.

Summary

This procedure involves examining a sample taken via fine needle aspiration (FNA) from a specific site in the body. An immediate cytohistologic study ensures the sample is adequate for diagnosis, with multiple evaluations at the same site as necessary.

Purpose

This procedure is primarily used to diagnose various conditions, including infections, inflammatory diseases, and cancers. The goal is to ensure that the sample extracted is sufficient for an accurate diagnosis during the same procedure.

Indications

The procedure is indicated for patients presenting with lumps, masses, or abnormal findings that require tissue examination. It’s particularly appropriate for cases where the initial FNA sample needs real-time adequacy confirmation to guide diagnosis and treatment.

Preparation

Patients may be advised to:

• Avoid eating or drinking for a few hours before the procedure.
• Adjust medications as per physician’s instructions, especially blood thinners.
• Undergo relevant diagnostic tests, such as imaging studies, to locate the appropriate site for FNA.

Procedure Description

1. The skin over the target site is cleaned with antiseptic.
2. A fine needle attached to a syringe is inserted into the lump or suspicious area.
3. Cells are aspirated into the syringe.
4. The sample is immediately assessed under a microscope by a cytopathologist.
5. If the sample is inadequate, additional aspirations may be performed.

Tools and Equipment:

• Fine needle and syringe
• Microscopic slides
• Staining solutions
• Microscope

Anesthesia or Sedation:

• Typically local anesthesia is applied; general anesthesia is rarely necessary.

Duration

Each evaluation episode typically takes about 10-20 minutes.

Setting

The procedure is often performed in an outpatient clinic, hospital, or dedicated diagnostic center.

Personnel

• Cytopathologist or pathologist
• Trained laboratory technicians
• Nurses or medical assistants

Risks and Complications

Common Risks:

• Bruising at the needle site
• Minor bleeding

Rare Risks:

• Infection at the site
• Pneumothorax (if performed near the lungs)
• Injury to surrounding structures

Benefits

• Quick and minimally invasive
• Real-time assessment of sample adequacy
• Reduces the need for repeat procedures

Expected benefits are typically realized immediately with an adequate sample, leading promptly to diagnosis and subsequent treatment planning.

Recovery

Post-procedure care involves simple watchful waiting:

• Apply pressure to the needle site to prevent bleeding.
• Monitor for any signs of infection.
• Avoid strenuous activity for a day.

Most patients recover immediately, with follow-up appointments as needed based on diagnosis.

Alternatives

• Surgical biopsy might be suggested if FNA is inconclusive.
• Imaging studies alone (e.g., ultrasound, MRI), although they may not provide a definitive diagnosis.

Each alternative has its own pros and cons, with surgical biopsies being more invasive and imaging studies potentially missing cellular-level details.

Patient Experience

During the Procedure:

• Patients might feel a slight pinch or pressure at the needle site.

After the Procedure:

• Mild soreness or tenderness at the site is common.
• Pain is generally minimal and can be managed with over-the-counter pain relief if necessary.

Overall, the procedure is quick, with minimal discomfort, and patients can usually return to normal activities shortly afterward.