Name of the Procedure:

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LD), (LDH); Isoenzymes, Separation and Quantitation

Summary

This procedure involves measuring the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes in the blood. LDH is an enzyme found in various tissues throughout the body, and its levels can provide information about tissue damage and disease.

Purpose

The test is used to help diagnose and monitor conditions that cause tissue damage, such as heart attacks, liver disease, and certain types of cancers. By measuring the different isoenzymes of LDH, doctors can pinpoint the affected tissue or organ.

Indications

• Persistent chest pain or suspected heart attack
• Symptoms of liver disease (jaundice, abdominal pain)
• Monitoring of cancer progression or response to treatment
• Evaluating muscle damage or injuries

Preparation

• Fasting might be required for a few hours before the test.
• Inform the doctor about any medications, as some drugs can affect LDH levels.
• A blood sample is needed; hence, standard pre-blood draw protocols apply.

Procedure Description

1. A healthcare provider will clean the skin on your arm with an antiseptic.
2. A tourniquet is tied around your upper arm to fill the veins with blood.
3. A needle is inserted into a vein to draw a blood sample.
4. The blood sample is sent to a lab where it is analyzed to separate and quantify the LDH isoenzymes.

Tools may include antiseptic wipes, a tourniquet, needle, collection tube, and laboratory equipment for isoenzyme separation.

Duration

The blood draw takes about 5-10 minutes. Lab analysis and results can take a few hours to a couple of days.

Setting

The blood draw is performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or medical laboratory.

Personnel

• Phlebotomist or nurse for blood sample collection
• Laboratory technician for isoenzyme analysis
• Physician for interpretation of results

Risks and Complications

• Minor risks such as bruising, bleeding, or infection at the injection site.
• Rare complications could include fainting or dizziness.

Benefits

• Provides valuable information about tissue damage and disease.
• Helps in diagnosing conditions like heart attacks and liver disease.
• Assists in monitoring disease progression and treatment effectiveness.

Recovery

• Minimal recovery time is needed post blood draw.
• Patients are usually advised to keep the injection site clean and dry.
• There are no significant activity restrictions.

Alternatives

• Other enzyme tests such as creatine kinase (CK) for muscle injury.
• Imaging studies like MRI or CT scans for detailed tissue analysis.

Patient Experience

Patients might feel a slight pinch or discomfort during the blood draw. Afterward, they may experience mild bruising or soreness at the puncture site, which can be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers if necessary.