Theophylline
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Theophylline Therapy Common name: Theophylline Treatment Technical term: Theophylline Pharmacotherapy
Summary
Theophylline therapy is a medical treatment that involves the administration of theophylline to help alleviate respiratory issues such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Theophylline works by relaxing and opening air passages in the lungs, making it easier to breathe.
Purpose
The primary purpose of theophylline therapy is to manage and improve symptoms of respiratory conditions. The goals are to reduce shortness of breath, enhance lung function, and decrease the frequency of asthma attacks or COPD exacerbations.
Indications
- Chronic asthma
- Chronic bronchitis
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, and chronic cough
Patients who have chronic respiratory issues that are not adequately managed by other medications may be appropriate candidates for theophylline therapy.
Preparation
- Patients may need to fast for a few hours before a blood test to measure theophylline levels.
- Existing medications should be reviewed with a healthcare provider to avoid interactions.
- Avoid caffeine intake, as it can interfere with theophylline levels.
Procedure Description
- Assessment: A healthcare provider evaluates the patient's medical history and current respiratory health.
- Blood Test: Baseline theophylline levels may be measured through a blood test.
- Dosage Determination: Based on the assessment and lab results, a tailored dosage is prescribed.
- Administration: Theophylline is typically administered orally in tablet or liquid form, but can also be given intravenously in a clinical setting.
- Monitoring: Regular follow-ups and blood tests are required to monitor theophylline levels and adjust the dosage as necessary.
Tools and equipment for blood tests and intravenous administration may be used. Sedation or anesthesia is not required for this therapy.
Duration
The initial administration and monitoring phase can take a few hours. Long-term therapy requires regular monitoring, generally every few months.
Setting
The initial assessment and monitoring are performed in a healthcare provider's office, outpatient clinic, or hospital. Ongoing treatment can be managed at home with regular check-ups.
Personnel
- Primary care physician or pulmonologist
- Nurses for blood draws and intravenous administration
- Pharmacist for medication dispensing and interactions review
Risks and Complications
- Common: Nausea, vomiting, headaches, or insomnia.
- Rare: Theophylline toxicity, characterized by arrhythmias, seizures, or severe gastrointestinal distress.
Complications can be managed by adjusting the dosage or discontinuing the medication under a healthcare provider's guidance.
Benefits
- Improved breathing and lung function
- Reduced frequency and severity of asthma attacks or COPD exacerbations
- Enhanced quality of life within a few days to weeks of starting therapy
Recovery
- Patients should follow prescribed dosages and maintain regular follow-up appointments.
- Avoid caffeine and certain medications that can interact with theophylline.
- No major activity restrictions are usually required, but patients should inform their healthcare provider of any unusual symptoms.
Alternatives
- Inhaled bronchodilators
- Corticosteroids
- Leukotriene modifiers
- Combination inhalers
Alternatives may have fewer side effects but also varying degrees of effectiveness. The choice depends on specific patient needs and response to treatments.
Patient Experience
Patients can expect to take their medication daily, potentially multiple times a day. Blood tests are a vital part of monitoring theophylline levels, which might cause minor discomfort. Pain management is generally not needed, and most patients start to experience symptom relief within a few days to weeks. Comfort measures include staying hydrated and following a healthy diet to support overall well-being.