Name of the Procedure:

Adrenal Imaging, Cortex and/or Medulla (Adrenal CT Scan, Adrenal MRI, Adrenal Ultrasound)

Summary

Adrenal imaging involves non-invasive techniques to visualize the adrenal glands located on top of the kidneys. These procedures help identify abnormalities in the adrenal cortex and medulla, providing detailed images for diagnosis and treatment planning.

Purpose

Adrenal imaging is used to diagnose conditions affecting the adrenal glands, such as tumors, cysts, hyperplasia, and other disorders. The goal is to identify abnormalities that could be causing hormonal imbalances or other health issues.

Indications

• Symptoms suggestive of adrenal disorders (e.g., hypertension, unexplained weight gain, fatigue, muscle weakness)
• Suspected adrenal tumors or masses
• Follow-up on known adrenal lesions
• Evaluation of adrenal insufficiency or hyperactivity

Preparation

• Patients may be required to fast for a certain period before the procedure.
• Some imaging types might need a contrast agent, so informing the healthcare provider about any allergies is crucial.
• Medication adjustments may be necessary; this should be discussed with the healthcare provider.
• Pre-procedure blood tests or assessments might be conducted.

Procedure Description

• CT Scan: The patient lies on a table that slides into a CT scanner. X-rays are used to create detailed cross-sectional images of the adrenal glands. A contrast dye may be injected into a vein for clearer images.
• MRI: The patient lies on a table that slides into an MRI machine. Magnetic fields and radio waves are used to produce detailed images of the adrenal glands. Sometimes, a contrast agent is administered.
• Ultrasound: A handheld device (transducer) is moved over the abdomen while it emits sound waves that bounce back from the adrenal glands and create images on a screen.

Duration

• CT Scan: Approximately 10-30 minutes
• MRI: Approximately 30-60 minutes
• Ultrasound: Approximately 15-30 minutes

Setting

These procedures are typically performed in a hospital’s radiology department, an outpatient imaging center, or an accredited diagnostic laboratory.

Personnel

• Radiologists
• Radiologic technologists
• Nurses (if contrast agents or sedation are used)

Risks and Complications

• CT Scan: Exposure to low levels of radiation, allergic reactions to contrast dye
• MRI: Allergic reactions to contrast dye, issues for patients with metal implants
• Ultrasound: Minimal risk, may be limited by body habitus or bowel gas

Benefits

• Non-invasive, detailed visualization of adrenal structures
• Accurate diagnosis leading to proper treatment
• Helps avoid unnecessary surgical procedures

Recovery

• CT Scan and MRI: Patients can usually return to normal activities immediately. If contrast dye is used, drinking plenty of water helps flush it out.
• Ultrasound: No recovery time needed; patients can resume normal activities immediately.

Alternatives

• Blood and urine tests to evaluate adrenal function
• PET Scan for more specific imaging, though more costly and involving higher radiation exposure
• Proceeding directly to a biopsy if a mass is highly suspicious

Patient Experience

Patients might experience a cool sensation from the injection of contrast dye and possible claustrophobia during an MRI. Lying still is required for all imaging types. Minimal discomfort is involved, with pain management not usually necessary.