Name of the Procedure:

Doppler echocardiography, fetal, pulsed wave and/or continuous wave with spectral display; complete.

Summary

Doppler echocardiography is a specialized ultrasound technique used to assess the heart of a fetus during pregnancy. It provides detailed information about the fetal heart's structure and function by using sound waves to create images and measure blood flow.

Purpose

This procedure is used to detect congenital heart defects, assess heart function, and monitor blood flow in the fetal heart. The goal is to ensure the fetus's heart is developing normally and to identify any potential issues early.

Indications

• Abnormal findings in a routine prenatal ultrasound.
• Family history of congenital heart defects.
• Maternal conditions such as diabetes or lupus.
• Suspected fetal growth restriction or anomalies.
• Increased nuchal translucency measurement.

Preparation

• No specific fasting or medication adjustments are generally required.
• A full bladder may be requested to improve ultrasound imaging.
• Prior diagnostic tests such as routine prenatal ultrasounds should be completed.

Procedure Description

1. The patient lies on an examination table.
2. A technician applies a special gel to the patient's abdomen to enhance sound wave transmission.
3. A transducer (ultrasound probe) is moved over the abdomen to create images of the fetal heart.
4. Pulsed wave and continuous wave Doppler techniques are used to measure blood flow.
5. The spectral display of the Doppler is analyzed to assess heart function.
6. No anesthesia or sedation is needed.

Duration

The procedure typically takes 30 to 60 minutes.

Setting

Performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or specialized imaging center.

Personnel

• A specially trained ultrasound technician or sonographer performs the test.
• A pediatric cardiologist or maternal-fetal medicine specialist interprets the results.

Risks and Complications

• No known risks, as the procedure is non-invasive and uses sound waves.
• Rarely, prolonged ultrasound exposure may cause slight heat or discomfort.

Benefits

• Early detection of fetal heart defects.
• Allows monitoring and management of high-risk pregnancies.
• Informs potential need for interventions at birth.

Recovery

• No recovery time needed.
• Normal daily activities can be resumed immediately.
• Follow-up appointments may be scheduled based on findings.

Alternatives

• Fetal MRI: Provides detailed images but is more expensive and less available.
• Fetal blood sampling: Invasive and carries more risk.
• Regular ultrasounds: Less detailed for heart function assessment.

Patient Experience

• Most patients feel a slight coolness from the gel and light pressure from the transducer.
• Generally painless and comfortable.
• Any discomfort or anxiety can be managed with reassurance and short breaks if needed.