Name of the Procedure:

Removal of Lens Material; Phacofragmentation Technique (Mechanical or Ultrasonic) Commonly known as Phacoemulsification

Summary

Phacoemulsification is a surgical procedure used to remove the clouded lens of the eye, often caused by cataracts. The technique involves breaking up the lens using mechanical or ultrasonic devices and then aspirating the fragmented pieces. This process allows for the insertion of a clear artificial lens.

Purpose

Phacoemulsification is primarily used to treat cataracts, a condition where the eye's lens becomes cloudy, leading to impaired vision. The goal is to restore clear vision by replacing the clouded lens with a synthetic intraocular lens (IOL).

Indications

• Noticeable decrease in vision clarity or sharpness
• Difficulty seeing in low light or during nighttime
• Colors appearing faded or yellowed
• Frequent changes in eyeglass prescription
• Diagnosed cataracts interfering with daily activities

Preparation

• Fasting for several hours prior to surgery, typically starting from midnight
• Discontinuation of certain medications as advised by the doctor
• Undergoing a thorough eye examination and measurements to determine the correct lens implant
• Potential use of special eye drops to prepare the eye for surgery

Procedure Description

1. Anesthesia: Local anesthesia is administered to numb the eye; patients may also receive a mild sedative.
2. Incision: A small incision is made in the cornea.
3. Accessing the Lens: The surgeon creates an opening in the capsule of the lens.
4. Phacoemulsification: An ultrasonic or mechanical device is inserted to break up the clouded lens into small pieces.
5. Aspiration: The fragmented lens pieces are suctioned out.
6. Lens Implant: A synthetic intraocular lens (IOL) is inserted into the lens capsule.
7. Closure: The incision usually self-seals, requiring no stitches.

Duration

The procedure typically takes about 15-30 minutes.

Setting

Phacoemulsification is performed in an outpatient surgical center or hospital.

Personnel

• Ophthalmic surgeon
• Anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist
• Surgical nurses and technicians

Risks and Complications

Common risks include:

• Infection
• Swelling
• Inflammation

Rare complications may include:

• Retinal detachment
• Persistent corneal edema
• Dislocation of the synthetic lens

Benefits

• Restores clear vision
• Quick recovery time
• High success rate
• Improved quality of life

Recovery

• Use of prescribed eye drops to prevent infection and inflammation
• Avoidance of strenuous activities for a few weeks
• Follow-up appointments to monitor healing
• Gradual improvement in vision over a few days to weeks

Alternatives

• Cataract extraction with extracapsular technique
• Laser-assisted cataract surgery
• Non-surgical management with updated eyeglasses or contact lenses (only for early-stage cataracts)

Patient Experience

During the procedure, patients might feel mild pressure but should not experience pain. Post-procedure, there might be minimal discomfort and sensitivity to light. Pain management is generally achieved with over-the-counter medications, and complete recovery can be expected within a few weeks.