Name of the Procedure:

Biopsy of Cornea (Corneal Biopsy)

Summary

A corneal biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the cornea, the transparent front part of the eye, for diagnostic examination. This helps in identifying infections, diseases, or abnormal cells.

Purpose

A corneal biopsy is performed to diagnose underlying conditions affecting the cornea that cannot be determined through non-invasive methods. The goal is to identify the causative agent of infection, confirm suspected diseases, and guide appropriate treatment plans.

Indications

• Persistent corneal ulcers
• Unresponsive corneal infections
• Suspicion of malignant cells in the cornea
• Inflammatory diseases of unknown etiology affecting the cornea

Preparation

• Patients may be required to stop wearing contact lenses several days before the procedure.
• Fasting is usually not required.
• Medications that could affect blood clotting may need to be adjusted.
• A thorough eye examination and possible imaging tests like corneal topography may be conducted prior to the biopsy.

Procedure Description

1. The patient is positioned comfortably, and the eye is numbed using topical anesthetic drops.
2. A speculum is used to keep the eyelids open.
3. Under microscopic visualization, a small portion of the corneal tissue is carefully removed using a sterilized surgical blade or biopsy instrument.
4. The sample is placed in a sterile container and sent to a laboratory for analysis.
5. The eye may be treated with antibiotic drops to prevent infection post-procedure.

Duration

The procedure typically takes about 30 minutes.

Setting

The procedure is usually performed in an outpatient clinic or an ophthalmologist's office.

Personnel

• Ophthalmologist (eye surgeon)
• Ophthalmic nurse or technician
• Laboratory personnel for sample analysis

Risks and Complications

• Potential infection
• Temporary or permanent vision impairment
• Persistent corneal ulcer or scarring
• Discomfort or pain during the procedure
• Bleeding and delayed healing

Benefits

• Accurate diagnosis of corneal conditions
• Targeted and effective treatment plans
• Potential to prevent further vision loss

Recovery

• Patients may experience mild discomfort or a gritty sensation in the eye.
• Use prescribed antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops as directed.
• Avoid touching or rubbing the eye.
• Wear an eye patch if recommended.
• Follow-up appointments to monitor healing and results.
• Recovery time varies, but normal activities can often be resumed within a few days.

Alternatives

• Corneal scraping or debridement: Less invasive but may not provide a sufficient sample.
• Empirical treatment: Treating based on clinical diagnosis without biopsy, which may delay appropriate care if initial diagnosis is incorrect.

Patient Experience

Patients may feel pressure but should not experience significant pain during the procedure. Post-procedure, mild discomfort is common and pain can typically be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers. It is important to follow post-procedure care instructions to ensure proper healing and minimize complications.