Name of the Procedure:

Biopsy thyroid, percutaneous core needle
Common Name: Thyroid Biopsy
Medical Term: Percutaneous Core Needle Biopsy (PCNB) of the Thyroid

Summary

A thyroid biopsy using a percutaneous core needle involves taking a small tissue sample from the thyroid gland through the skin. This procedure helps diagnose thyroid conditions by analyzing the tissue sample in a lab.

Purpose

A thyroid biopsy helps diagnose conditions like thyroid cancer, nodules, or goiters. It aims to determine the nature of a thyroid abnormality and guide further treatment.

Indications

• Presence of thyroid nodules detected by imaging
• Unexplained thyroid enlargement (goiter)
• Abnormal thyroid function tests
• Persistent neck pain or discomfort
• Suspicious findings on a physical exam

Preparation

• Fast for a few hours before the procedure, if instructed
• Inform the doctor about all medications and allergies
• Blood tests or imaging studies (e.g., ultrasound) may be required beforehand

Procedure Description

1. The patient lies on their back with the neck extended.
2. The skin over the thyroid area is cleaned and sterilized.
3. Local anesthesia is administered to numb the area.
4. Using ultrasound guidance, the doctor inserts a thin, hollow needle into the thyroid gland.
5. Small tissue samples are extracted through the needle.
6. The samples are sent to a lab for analysis.

Duration

The procedure typically takes 20 to 30 minutes.

Setting

Performed in an outpatient clinic or hospital radiology department.

Personnel

• Radiologist or endocrinologist
• Nurse or medical assistant
• Pathologist (for tissue analysis)

Risks and Complications

• Mild pain or discomfort at the biopsy site
• Bruising or swelling
• Minor bleeding
• Rarely, infection or injury to surrounding structures

Benefits

• Provides a definitive diagnosis of thyroid abnormalities
• Helps guide appropriate treatment plans
• Results are usually available within a few days

Recovery

• Minimal downtime; most patients can go home shortly after the procedure
• Keep the biopsy site clean and dry
• Avoid strenuous activities for 24 hours
• Follow-up appointment to discuss biopsy results

Alternatives

• Fine-needle aspiration (FNA), which uses a thinner needle but may be less conclusive
• Thyroid ultrasound alone without biopsy
• Surgical biopsy, which is more invasive but provides a larger tissue sample
• Watchful waiting with regular monitoring of the thyroid condition

Patient Experience

• Mild discomfort or pressure during needle insertion
• Local anesthesia helps minimize pain
• Post-procedure soreness managed with over-the-counter pain relievers
• Rapid return to normal activities with minimal restrictions