Biopsies, prostate, needle, transperineal, stereotactic template guided saturation sampling, including imaging guidance
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Biopsies, prostate, needle, transperineal, stereotactic template guided saturation sampling, including imaging guidance
Summary
This procedure involves taking multiple tissue samples from the prostate using a thin needle inserted through the perineal skin (the area between the anus and scrotum). The needle's placement is guided by a stereotactic template and imaging techniques to ensure accurate sampling.
Purpose
This procedure is primarily used to diagnose prostate cancer or other prostate conditions. It allows for a thorough examination of the prostate tissue to detect the presence of cancer cells and to determine the extent and aggressiveness of cancer if present.
Indications
- Elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels
- Abnormal digital rectal exam (DRE) findings
- Previous inconclusive prostate biopsies
- Significant family history of prostate cancer
- Monitoring known prostate cancer
Preparation
- Patients may need to stop taking certain medications, such as blood thinners, a few days before the procedure.
- An enema might be recommended to clear the rectum.
- Antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent infection.
- Fasting might be required if sedation or anesthesia is planned.
Procedure Description
- The patient is positioned, typically lying on their back with legs raised.
- Local anesthesia or light sedation is administered to minimize discomfort.
- An imaging modality, usually ultrasound or MRI, is used to visualize the prostate.
- A stereotactic template, a grid-like device, is positioned over the perineal area.
- A thin needle is inserted through the template and guided by the imaging to target specific areas of the prostate.
- Multiple samples (saturation sampling) are taken from different parts of the prostate.
- The samples are sent to a lab for analysis.
Duration
The procedure typically takes about 60-90 minutes.
Setting
This procedure is usually performed in a hospital, outpatient surgical center, or specialized urology clinic.
Personnel
- Urologist or radiologist
- Nurses and possibly a technician to assist with imaging
- Anesthesiologist or sedation nurse, if sedation is used
Risks and Complications
- Infection at the biopsy site
- Bleeding or bruising
- Pain or discomfort
- Difficulty urinating
- Blood in urine, semen, or stool
- Rarely, sepsis or severe bleeding requiring medical intervention
Benefits
- Provides a definitive diagnosis of prostate conditions, including cancer.
- Helps in formulating an appropriate treatment plan.
- May detect cancer that other methods miss due to more extensive sampling.
Recovery
- Patients can usually go home the same day.
- Mild discomfort or soreness in the biopsy area for a few days.
- Avoid strenuous activities for 24-48 hours.
- Follow prescribed antibiotics regimen to prevent infection.
- Follow-up appointment with the doctor to discuss biopsy results.
Alternatives
- Transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy (TRUS)
- MRI-guided biopsy
- Focal therapy monitoring
- Active surveillance in certain cases
- Pros: Less invasive alternatives may have fewer complications.
- Cons: They may be less comprehensive in tissue sampling compared to saturation techniques.
Patient Experience
- Mild discomfort during the procedure, usually well-managed with local anesthesia or sedation.
- Slight pressure or a brief sharp sensation as the needle accesses the prostate.
- Post-procedure soreness or mild bleeding, typically resolving within a few days.
- Instructions for pain relief and care should be closely followed to ensure a smooth recovery.