Name of the Procedure:

Repair of Hypospadias Complications (i.e., fistula, stricture, diverticula); by closure, incision, or excision, simple.

Summary

This procedure addresses complications that arise from previous surgeries to correct hypospadias, a condition where the opening of the urethra is not located at the tip of the penis. The aim is to resolve issues like fistulas (abnormal connections), strictures (narrowing), or diverticula (pouch formations) through relatively straightforward surgical techniques.

Purpose

The procedure is intended to:

• Correct abnormal connections (fistulas) between the urethra and the skin.
• Relieve urethral strictures to restore normal urine flow.
• Remove or correct diverticula to prevent recurrent infections and improve urinary function.

Indications

• Persistent or recurrent fistulas forming after prior hypospadias repair.
• Development of strictures leading to obstructed urine flow.
• Formation of diverticula causing recurrent infections or discomfort.
• Patients with urinary difficulty or infections related to these complications.

Preparation

• Patients may need to fast for several hours before the procedure.
• Medications might need adjustment, especially blood thinners.
• Preoperative assessments like urine tests, ultrasounds, or endoscopic evaluations.

Procedure Description

1. Anesthesia: The patient is typically under general anesthesia.
2. Incision: A precise incision is made to access the problematic area.
3. Closure, Incision, or Excision:
   • Closure: Fistulas are closed using sutures.
   • Incision: Strictures are incised to widen the urethral passage.
   • Excision: Diverticula are excised, and the urethra is reconstructed.
4. Sutures are placed, and a catheter may be left in place to ensure proper healing.

Duration

The procedure typically takes between 1 to 2 hours, depending on the complexity.

Setting

Most often performed in a hospital or specialized surgical center.

Personnel

• Surgeons specialized in urology or pediatric urology.
• Nurses assisting in the procedure and patient care.
• Anesthesiologists for administering and monitoring anesthesia.

Risks and Complications

• Infection at the surgical site.
• Bleeding or hematoma formation.
• Recurrent fistulas, strictures, or diverticula.
• Anesthesia-related risks.
• Pain or discomfort during the initial recovery period.

Benefits

• Resolution of urinary issues and infections.
• Improved urinary function and quality of life.
• Most benefits are noticeable within a few weeks post-procedure.

Recovery

• Monitoring in a recovery room until anesthesia wears off.
• Instructions about catheter care if one is left in place.
• Pain management with prescribed medications.
• Avoid strenuous activity for at least 2-4 weeks.
• Follow-up appointments to monitor healing.

Alternatives

• Conservative management with medication for minor symptoms.
• Non-surgical techniques like urethral dilation for strictures.
  • Pros and cons: Non-surgical options may offer temporary relief and fewer risks but may not provide a lasting solution.

Patient Experience

• During the procedure, the patient is under anesthesia and will not feel pain.
• Post-procedure: Some pain and swelling are normal but manageable with medications.
• Expected to gradually resume normal activities, with follow-up visits to ensure proper recovery.