Name of the Procedure:

Repair of Low Imperforate Anus with Transposition of Anoperineal or Anovestibular Fistula

Summary

This surgical procedure is designed to correct a defect where the anus is either improperly formed or not connected correctly, specifically in cases where there is a fistula (an abnormal connection) between the anus and either the perineum or vestibule.

Purpose

The primary goal is to create a normal functioning anus and rectal passage, helping the patient maintain normal bowel control and function. This procedure addresses issues like improper stool passage and potential infections.

Indications

• Diagnosis of low imperforate anus.
• Presence of an anoperineal or anovestibular fistula.
• Symptoms include difficulty passing stools, noticeable abnormal openings, or recurrent infections around the anus.

Preparation

• Fasting for a specific period prior to the surgery (usually 6-12 hours).
• Adjustment of certain medications as advised by the surgeon.
• Diagnostic imaging, such as an ultrasound or MRI, to assess the anatomy and plan the surgery.

Procedure Description

1. Administer general anesthesia to ensure the patient is asleep and pain-free.
2. Position the patient, usually in a prone or lithotomy position.
3. Make a surgical incision around the perineum.
4. Locate and mobilize the rectal pouch.
5. If a fistula is present, it is identified and divided.
6. Reposition the rectal pouch to the normal anal position.
7. Create a new anal opening and attach the rectal pouch.
8. Close the incision with sutures.

Specialized surgical instruments and possibly a surgical microscope are used during the procedure.

Duration

The procedure typically takes about 2-4 hours, depending on complexity.

Setting

The procedure is performed in a hospital setting, often in a specialized pediatric surgical center for young patients.

Personnel

• Pediatric or colorectal surgeon
• Anesthesiologist
• Surgical nurses
• Pediatric intensive care team (for post-operative care)

Risks and Complications

• Infection
• Bleeding
• Anesthetic complications
• Narrowing of the newly created anus (stricture)
• Fistula recurrence
• Poor wound healing

Benefits

• Restoration of normal bowel function.
• Improved quality of life.
• Reduced risk of recurrent infections and other complications associated with an imperforate anus.

Improvements can be seen soon after recovery, but full benefits are most appreciated longer-term as the child grows and develops.

Recovery

• Hospital stay for 3-7 days post-operation for monitoring.
• Pain management with medications.
• Instructions on wound care and hygiene.
• Gradual reintroduction to a normal diet.
• Follow-up appointments to monitor healing and bowel function.
• Possible temporary stool softeners or medications to aid bowel movements.

Alternatives

• Less invasive interventions in specific cases, but might be less effective.
• Staged surgeries for complex cases.
• Non-surgical management involves symptom relief but does not correct the structural anomaly.
• Each alternative has its risks and benefits, often discussed in detail with the patient's family.

Patient Experience

Patients (or parents) can expect some discomfort post-surgery managed with pain relief medications. There may be temporary limitations on activity. Ongoing support and follow-up are crucial for successful outcomes and recovery.

Patient comfort measures include pain management and emotional support, especially vital in pediatric cases.