Transplant preparation of hematopoietic progenitor cells; cell concentration in plasma, mononuclear, or buffy coat layer
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Transplant Preparation of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells; Cell Concentration in Plasma, Mononuclear, or Buffy Coat Layer
Summary
This procedure involves preparing and concentrating hematopoietic progenitor cells (stem cells that can develop into various blood cells) from a donor's blood sample. The cells are usually collected from the plasma, mononuclear cell layer, or buffy coat layer of the blood and are concentrated for transplantation purposes.
Purpose
The primary purpose of this procedure is to harvest and prepare stem cells that can be transplanted into patients requiring bone marrow or stem cell transplants. These transplants are critical for patients suffering from certain cancers, blood disorders, or immune system deficiencies.
Indications
This procedure is indicated for individuals diagnosed with conditions like leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, aplastic anemia, or certain genetic disorders that affect blood production. It may also be indicated for patients whose bone marrow has been damaged by chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Preparation
Patients are generally advised to follow specific dietary instructions, such as drinking plenty of water and avoiding certain medications that could affect the blood sample. Diagnostic tests, such as blood tests and compatibility testing between donor and recipient, are required to ensure a successful match.
Procedure Description
- Blood Collection: A blood sample is drawn from the donor.
- Layer Separation: The blood sample is processed to separate its components using a centrifuge, isolating the plasma, mononuclear layer, and buffy coat where progenitor cells are concentrated.
- Cell Concentration: The isolated cells are then concentrated and prepared for transplantation, often through washing and volume reduction.
- Storage: The concentrated cells may be temporarily stored in a specialized container before use.
Various lab equipment and a centrifuge are utilized, and the procedure does not typically require anesthesia.
Duration
The preparation process, including separation and concentration, generally takes a few hours.
Setting
This procedure is performed in a specialized laboratory or hospital setting.
Personnel
Medical laboratory technicians, hematologists, and other specialized healthcare providers trained in cell preparation and transplantation are involved.
Risks and Complications
Risks are minimal but may include contamination of the sample, insufficient cell yield, or cell damage during processing. These complications can delay transplantation or affect its success.
Benefits
The major benefit is the potential for life-saving therapy for patients with severe blood or immune system disorders. Successful preparation and transplantation can lead to remission of disease or complete recovery.
Recovery
There is no direct recovery required for the cell preparation process itself. Transplant recipients will have specific recovery guidelines, including monitoring for graft success and managing any side effects.
Alternatives
Alternatives may include other forms of stem cell collection such as bone marrow harvest or mobilized peripheral blood stem cell collection. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, depending on the patient's condition and compatibility with the donor.
Patient Experience
For the donor, the experience is similar to a standard blood draw, typically involving minimal discomfort. The recipient's experience will vary depending on the transplantation process and any subsequent treatments.