Name of the Procedure:

Revascularization, Endovascular, Open or Percutaneous, Tibial/Peroneal Artery, Unilateral, Each Additional Vessel; with Atherectomy, Includes Angioplasty within the Same Vessel, When Performed

Summary

This procedure involves restoring blood flow in the tibial or peroneal arteries of the leg by using a minimally invasive technique called atherectomy to remove plaque buildup. Angioplasty, a method of widening the artery, is included if performed within the same vessel.

Purpose

Medical Condition/Problem Addressed

• Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affecting the tibial or peroneal arteries.
• Severe arterial blockages causing inadequate blood flow to the lower extremities.

Goals/Expected Outcomes

• Improved blood flow to the lower leg and foot.
• Relief from symptoms like pain, cramping, and difficulty walking.
• Prevention of tissue damage and ulcers due to poor circulation.

Indications

Specific Symptoms/Conditions

• Chronic pain in the legs or feet, especially when walking.
• Non-healing wounds or ulcers on the lower extremities.
• Diagnosis of significant arterial blockages in the tibial or peroneal arteries.

Patient Criteria

• Patients with confirmed PAD.
• Patients who have not adequately responded to conservative treatments like medication or lifestyle changes.
• Those at risk of losing limb function due to poor circulation.

Preparation

Pre-procedure Instructions

• Fasting for several hours prior to the procedure.
• Adjustments to medications, especially blood thinners.
• Arrangements for someone to drive the patient home post-procedure.

Diagnostic Tests

• Doppler ultrasound or angiography to assess the extent of arterial blockage.
• Blood tests and cardiovascular evaluations as required.

Procedure Description

Step-by-Step Explanation

1. Anesthesia/Sedation: The patient may receive local anesthesia and sedation or general anesthesia, depending on the case's complexity.
2. Access: A small incision is made, typically near the groin, to access the artery.
3. Guide Wire/Catheter Insertion: A catheter is guided to the blockage using imaging technology.
4. Atherectomy: A special device is used to shave or cut away the plaque within the artery.
5. Angioplasty: A balloon-tipped catheter may be inflated to widen the artery (if necessary, included within the same vessel).
6. Completion: The catheter is withdrawn, and the incision is closed.

Tools/Equipment

• Catheters, guide wires, atherectomy devices, balloon catheters, and imaging equipment.

Anesthesia/Sedation:

• Local anesthesia, conscious sedation, or general anesthesia based on the specific case and patient health.

Duration

• The procedure typically takes 1 to 3 hours.

Setting

• Usually performed in a hospital’s catheterization lab or an outpatient surgical center.

Personnel

• Interventional radiologist or vascular surgeon
• Surgical nurses
• Anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist
• Radiologic technologist

Risks and Complications

Common Risks

• Bruising or bleeding at the incision site.
• Blood vessel damage.

Rare Risks

• Blood clots or embolism.
• Infection.
• Allergic reactions to contrast dye or medications.
• Kidney damage (from contrast dye).

Complication Management

• Immediate medical intervention to address any complications.
• Monitoring for adverse reactions during and after the procedure.

Benefits

• Relief from PAD symptoms.
• Improved ability to walk and perform daily activities.
• Prevention of severe outcomes like limb amputation.

Recovery

Post-procedure Care

• Monitoring in a recovery area for a few hours.
• Instructions on activity levels, typically advising limited movement for a day or two.
• Medication adjustments as needed.

Recovery Time

• Most patients can resume normal activities within a few days.
• Follow-up appointments to monitor artery health and recovery.

Alternatives

Other Treatment Options

• Medications to manage PAD.
• Lifestyle modifications, including exercise and diet changes.
• Open surgical bypass.

Pros and Cons

• Medications and Lifestyle Changes: Non-invasive but may not be sufficient for severe blockages.
• Open Surgical Bypass: More invasive, longer recovery but may be necessary for complex cases.

Patient Experience

During the Procedure

• Minimal discomfort due to anesthesia.
• Possible sensation of pressure during catheter insertion.

After the Procedure

• Mild soreness at the incision site.
• Fatigue or discomfort that subsides within a few days.
• Pain management with prescribed medication if needed.
• Follow-up care and recovery instructions provided by the medical team.