Insertion or replacement of permanent subcutaneous implantable defibrillator system, with subcutaneous electrode, including defibrillation threshold evaluation, induction of arrhythmia, evaluation of sensing for arrhythmia termination, and programming or
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Insertion or Replacement of Permanent Subcutaneous Implantable Defibrillator System (S-ICD), with Subcutaneous Electrode
Summary
This procedure involves placing a specialized device under the skin, known as a subcutaneous implantable defibrillator (S-ICD), to monitor heart rhythms and deliver shocks if life-threatening arrhythmias are detected. It includes tests and programming to ensure the device works correctly.
Purpose
The procedure is designed to prevent sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in patients at high risk due to irregular heartbeats. The goal is to stabilize heart rhythms and reduce the risk of sudden death.
Indications
- History of ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia.
- High risk of sudden cardiac arrest
- Patients who cannot have a transvenous device implanted
- Prior myocardial infarction (heart attack)
- Certain genetic heart conditions
Preparation
- Patients may be required to fast for several hours before the procedure.
- Adjustments to medications, especially blood thinners, may be necessary.
- Pre-procedure imaging tests like X-rays, ECGs, or echocardiograms help determine placement.
Procedure Description
- Anesthesia: General or local anesthesia may be administered.
- Incision: A small incision is made near the chest wall to create a pocket for the S-ICD device.
- Electrode Placement: A subcutaneous electrode is placed under the skin near the breastbone.
- Device Connection: The electrode is then connected to the defibrillator device.
- Testing: Heart arrhythmias are induced under controlled conditions to test the device's sensing and defibrillation functions.
- Programming: The S-ICD is programmed to detect and treat arrhythmias optimally.
- Closure: The incision is closed with sutures or surgical glue.
Duration
The entire procedure typically lasts 1-2 hours.
Setting
This procedure is usually performed in a hospital, specifically in a cardiac catheterization lab or an operating room.
Personnel
- Cardiologist or Cardiac Electrophysiologist
- Surgical nurses
- Anesthesiologist
- Radiology technicians or support staff
Risks and Complications
- Infection at the incision site
- Bleeding or hematoma formation
- Device displacement or malfunction
- Allergic reaction to anesthesia
- Pneumothorax (collapsed lung)
- Rarely, inappropriate shocks or failure to deliver therapy
Benefits
- Significant reduction in the risk of sudden cardiac arrest
- Continuous monitoring and automatic response to life-threatening arrhythmias
- Improved quality of life for patients with high-risk heart conditions
Recovery
- Pain management with medications
- Incision care to prevent infection
- Avoiding heavy lifting and strenuous activities for a few weeks
- Follow-up appointments to monitor device function
Alternatives
- Transvenous ICD (less suited for those with venous access issues or infections)
- Medication adjustments to manage arrhythmias
- Lifestyle modifications
- Ablation therapy for certain arrhythmias
- Pros: Other treatments may be less invasive.
- Cons: May not be as effective in preventing sudden cardiac arrest.
Patient Experience
Patients may feel some pain or discomfort at the incision site post-procedure. Mild swelling and bruising are common. Pain is usually managed effectively with prescribed medications. Most patients resume normal activities within a few weeks, but it's important to follow specific medical advice regarding activity levels.