Name of the Procedure:

Laryngoscopy, Flexible; Diagnostic

Common name(s): Flexible Laryngoscopy

Technical/Medical term: Flexible Fiberoptic Laryngoscopy

Summary

Flexible laryngoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a thin, flexible tube equipped with a camera and light to examine the larynx (voice box) and surrounding areas. This procedure allows doctors to look at the throat in detail to diagnose various conditions.

Purpose

Flexible laryngoscopy is used to diagnose abnormalities or issues in the larynx and surrounding areas. It helps identify conditions such as vocal cord lesions, infections, tumors, or structural anomalies.

Goals/Expected Outcomes:

• Provide visual confirmation of laryngeal conditions.
• Obtain tissue samples (biopsies) if necessary.
• Assist in developing an appropriate treatment plan.

Indications

• Persistent hoarseness or voice changes
• Chronic throat pain or discomfort
• Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
• Unexplained cough or throat clearing
• Signs of airway obstruction
• Suspicion of laryngeal cancer or other tumors

Patient Criteria:

• Patients with persistent or unexplained symptoms related to the throat or voice box.
• Individuals with risk factors for laryngeal conditions, such as smokers or those with a history of head and neck cancers.

Preparation

• Typically, no fasting is required.
• Patients should inform their doctor of any medications, especially blood thinners.
• Diagnostic tests like a chest X-ray or throat swab may be required based on symptoms.

Procedure Description

1. The patient is usually seated upright.
2. A local anesthetic spray is applied to numb the nose and throat.
3. The flexible laryngoscope, a thin tube with a camera and light, is gently inserted through the nostril and guided down to the larynx.
4. The doctor views the images on a screen, examining the larynx and surrounding structures.
5. If necessary, tools for biopsy or minor procedures can be passed through the laryngoscope.

Tools/Equipment:

• Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscope
• Local anesthetic spray
• Video monitor
• Biopsy tools (if required)

Anesthesia:

• Local anesthesia is typically used. Sedation is rarely needed unless the patient is extremely anxious.

Duration

The procedure usually takes about 10-30 minutes.

Setting

Performed in an outpatient clinic, hospital, or specialized surgical center.

Personnel

• ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat) specialist or otolaryngologist
• Nurse or medical assistant

Risks and Complications

Common Risks:

• Temporary discomfort or gagging
• Nosebleed or mild throat irritation

Rare Risks:

• Infection
• Reactions to local anesthetic
• Severe bleeding or airway injury

Management:

• Post-procedure monitoring for any adverse effects.
• Instructions on managing minor complications at home.

Benefits

• Accurate diagnosis of laryngeal conditions.
• Quick and minimally invasive.
• Allows immediate visualization of the throat structures.

Realization Time:

• Benefits usually realized immediately in terms of diagnostic information, with treatment following promptly based on findings.

Recovery

• Patients can usually resume normal activities immediately after the procedure.
• Instructions to avoid eating or drinking for about 30 minutes if local anesthesia was used to prevent choking.
• Follow-up appointments as necessary based on findings.

Alternatives

• Rigid laryngoscopy: more invasive, requires general anesthesia, offers a more detailed view.
• Imaging studies (e.g., MRI, CT scan): non-invasive but less specific for detecting laryngeal issues.
• Symptom management without direct visualization.

Pros and Cons: Flexible laryngoscopy is less invasive and offers quick results compared to some alternatives, but may not provide as detailed a view as rigid laryngoscopy.

Patient Experience

• During the procedure, patients may feel slight discomfort, pressure, or a need to gag.
• The local anesthetic minimizes pain, and any discomfort generally subsides quickly.
• Post-procedure, mild throat irritation is common but typically resolves within a few hours.