Name of the Procedure:

Nasal/sinus endoscopy, surgical, with repair of cerebrospinal fluid leak; ethmoid region (Ethmoid CSF Leak Repair)

Summary

Nasal/sinus endoscopy with repair of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in the ethmoid region is a minimally invasive surgical procedure to fix a leak of the fluid surrounding the brain into the nasal cavity. The endoscope, a thin, flexible tube with a camera, is used to view and access the sinus and nasal passages, allowing for precise repair of the leak.

Purpose

This procedure addresses cerebrospinal fluid leaks originating in the ethmoid region of the sinus. The goals are to stop the leakage of CSF, prevent infections, improve nasal symptoms, and resolve associated headaches.

Indications

• Persistent clear nasal discharge
• Recurrent meningitis or sinus infections
• Severe headaches that worsen with changes in posture
• Diagnosis of a CSF leak confirmed by imaging or laboratory tests (e.g., Beta-2 transferrin test)

Preparation

• Fasting for at least 6-8 hours before the procedure
• Adjustments to medications, such as stopping blood thinners
• Pre-operative tests including a CT scan or MRI to locate the leak
• Nasal endoscopy for a detailed assessment

Procedure Description

1. The patient is placed under general anesthesia.
2. An endoscope is carefully inserted through the nostril to access the nasal cavity and sinuses.
3. Surgeons use specialized tools to navigate the nasal passages and locate the CSF leak.
4. The defect in the skull base responsible for the leak is identified.
5. Tissue grafts or synthetic materials are used to seal the leak.
6. The area is carefully inspected to ensure the leak is repaired, and the endoscope is withdrawn.

Duration

The procedure typically takes 1 to 3 hours.

Setting

The procedure is performed in a hospital or specialized surgical center.

Personnel

• ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat) surgeon or neurosurgeon
• Anesthesiologist
• Surgical nurses and technicians

Risks and Complications

• Infection
• Bleeding
• Recurrence of CSF leak
• Meningitis
• Complications related to general anesthesia
• Damage to surrounding tissues, such as nerves or blood vessels

Benefits

• Resolution of nasal discharge and headache
• Reduced risk of infections, particularly meningitis
• Minimally invasive approach minimizes scarring and recovery time

Recovery

• Post-procedure nasal packing or splints may be placed.
• Instructions for head elevation and activity restrictions.
• Pain management with prescribed medications.
• Follow-up appointments to monitor healing and check for recurrence.
• Most patients can return to normal activities within 2 to 4 weeks.

Alternatives

• Conservative management with bed rest and fluid restriction (often unsuccessful for significant leaks)
• Open surgical repair, which is more invasive and has a longer recovery time
• Watchful waiting in cases with very mild symptoms and no infectious complications

Patient Experience

During the procedure, the patient is under general anesthesia and will not feel anything. Post-procedure, there may be some nasal discomfort and mild pain, which is managed with medication. Patients might experience nasal congestion and drainage for a few days. Follow-up care is essential to ensure proper healing and to address any complications promptly.