Name of the Procedure:

Control Nasal Hemorrhage, Posterior, with Posterior Nasal Packs and/or Cautery, Any Method; Subsequent

Summary

This procedure involves stopping bleeding in the back part of the nose. It can use methods like packing the nose with special materials or cauterizing, which means burning the bleeding vessels to seal them. It is typically done if initial treatments don't stop the bleeding or if it's a recurring problem.

Purpose

This procedure addresses severe or recurring nosebleeds originating from the posterior part of the nasal cavity. The goal is to control the bleeding, prevent further blood loss, and promote healing.

Indications

• Persistent or severe nosebleeds that do not stop with initial treatments
• Nosebleeds that recur frequently
• Bleeding that originates from the posterior nasal cavity
• Patients with conditions that predispose to severe bleeding, like coagulation disorders

Preparation

• Pre-procedure instructions may include not eating or drinking for several hours before the procedure if sedation is planned.
• Patients should inform their healthcare provider about all medications they are taking, as some (like blood thinners) may need to be adjusted.
• Diagnostic tests such as blood work or imaging may be ordered to understand the severity and source of the bleeding.

Procedure Description

1. The patient is typically seated or lies down with their head elevated.
2. Local anesthesia or sedatives may be administered to numb the area and provide comfort.
3. The healthcare provider inserts posterior nasal packs through the nostrils and positions them to apply pressure on the bleeding vessels.
4. Cautery might be used alongside or instead of packing, where an instrument is inserted to burn and seal the bleeding vessels.
5. The packs are left in place for a designated period, typically 48 hours, to ensure proper hemostasis (stopping of bleeding).

Tools and equipment may include:

• Nasal packs or balloons
• Cauterization instruments
• Nasal speculum
• Anesthetic sprays or injectable anesthetics

Duration

The procedure usually takes about 30 minutes to an hour, depending on the severity of the hemorrhage and the technique used.

Setting

This procedure is commonly performed in a hospital, emergency department, or outpatient clinic.

Personnel

• ENT specialist or emergency physician
• Nurse or medical assistant
• Anesthesiologist (if sedation is required)

Risks and Complications

• Discomfort or pain during packing
• Infection
• Allergic reactions to materials or anesthesia
• Rebleeding upon removal of the packs
• Breathing difficulties if packs are not positioned correctly

Benefits

• Immediate control of severe nosebleeds
• Prevention of further blood loss
• Reduced need for more invasive surgical procedures
• Most patients experience relief shortly after the procedure is completed

Recovery

• Patients may need to rest and avoid strenuous activities for a few days after the procedure.
• Follow-up appointments are necessary to remove the nasal packs and ensure proper healing.
• Instructions may include using saline sprays or a humidifier to keep nasal passages moist.
• Patients should avoid blowing their nose and follow any specific instructions given by their healthcare provider.

Alternatives

• Anterior nasal packing or cautery for less severe cases
• Medication adjustments (e.g., stopping blood thinners if possible)
• Surgery for arterial ligation or endoscopic procedures for severe or recurrent cases
• Each alternative has its own risks and benefits, and the choice depends on the severity and source of the bleeding as well as patient-specific factors.

Patient Experience

• Patients may feel pressure and discomfort during the procedure. There may also be some pain, which can be managed with medications.
• Post-procedure, patients often experience relief from bleeding but may feel some nasal congestion and discomfort until the packs are removed.
• Pain management and comfort measures, such as medications and using a cold compress, are important for post-procedure care.