Name of the Procedure:

Allograft, Structural for Spine Surgery

Summary

An allograft, structural, for spine surgery entails using donor bone tissue to aid in the reconstruction or repair of the spine. This bone graft is used alongside the primary surgical procedure to support or replace damaged spinal structures.

Purpose

This technique is employed to treat various spinal conditions, such as spinal fractures, deformities, or degenerative disc disease. The primary goal is to stabilize the spine, promote bone healing, and improve spinal alignment and function.

Indications

• Spinal fractures
• Spinal deformities like scoliosis
• Degenerative disc disease
• Previously failed spinal fusions Patients considered for this procedure typically have not responded well to non-surgical treatments.

Preparation

• Follow fasting guidelines as instructed (usually no food or drink 8 hours prior)
• Cease certain medications as advised by the physician (e.g., blood thinners)
• Undertake pre-operative diagnostic tests such as X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans
• Attend pre-surgical counseling to discuss expectations and risks

Procedure Description

1. An incision is made at the surgical site.
2. Damaged or diseased spinal structures are removed or corrected.
3. The structural allograft (donor bone) is prepared and placed into the spine.
4. Surgeons secure the allograft in place with screws, rods, or plates.
5. The surgical area is closed with sutures or staples.
   • General anesthesia is administered to ensure the patient is unconscious and pain-free.

Duration

Typically lasts between 3 to 6 hours, depending on the complexity of the case.

Setting

Performed in a hospital or specialized surgical center equipped for complex spinal surgeries.

Personnel

• Orthopedic spine surgeon or neurosurgeon
• Surgical nurses
• Anesthesiologist
• Surgical technologists

Risks and Complications

Common risks:

• Infection
• Blood clots
• Donor graft rejection
• Nerve damage Rare complications:
• Chronic pain
• Non-union (failure of bone graft to integrate)
• Adverse reaction to anesthesia

Benefits

• Improved spinal stability and alignment
• Enhanced range of motion and function
• Reduced pain and discomfort
• Recovery of normal spine biomechanics

Recovery

• Post-operative pain management with prescribed medications
• Physical therapy to aid recovery
• Limited physical activity for several weeks
• Follow-up appointments to monitor healing and progress
• Complete recovery could take up to 6-12 months

Alternatives

• Autograft (using the patient’s own bone)
• Non-surgical treatments like physical therapy and pain management
• Spinal fusion with synthetic materials Pros of alternatives: Avoids risk of donor graft rejection and transmission of disease. Cons: May have higher rates of morbidity for autografts or less effectiveness for non-surgical treatments.

Patient Experience

During the procedure, the patient will be under general anesthesia and will not feel any pain. Post-operatively, patients may experience pain and discomfort, which is managed through medication. Physical therapy and gradual return to normal activities are essential for recovery.