Name of the Condition

• Arteriovenous malformation of vessel of upper limb
• Also known as AVM of the upper limb.

Summary

• Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the upper limb is a rare, congenital condition where there is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins in the arm or hand. This can disrupt normal blood flow and oxygen circulation.

Causes

• AVMs are generally congenital, meaning they are present at birth and are thought to result from developmental abnormalities. The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve errors in the formation of blood vessels during embryonic development.

Risk Factors

• Family History: A history of AVMs or genetic conditions associated with AVMs in family members may increase risk.
• Genetic Syndromes: Certain genetic disorders, such as Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT), are linked to AVMs.

Symptoms

• Swelling or visible pulsating skin over the affected area.
• Pain or aching in the arm or hand.
• Changes in skin color or temperature in the affected area.
• Bruising or bleeding tendencies.

Diagnosis

• Imaging Studies: MRI, CT scan, and Doppler ultrasound are commonly used to visualize the malformations.
• Angiography: Provides detailed images of blood flow and helps in planning treatments.

Treatment Options

• Endovascular Embolization: A minimally invasive procedure to block abnormal blood vessels and redirect blood flow.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgical removal of the AVM may be necessary.
• Medications: Pain management and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• The prognosis varies depending on the size and location of the AVM and the success of treatment. With appropriate management, symptoms can often be alleviated.
• Regular follow-ups are important to monitor the condition and address any changes.

Complications

• If untreated, AVMs can lead to tissue damage, heart failure, or hemorrhage due to excessive blood shunting.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Since AVMs are congenital, there is no known prevention method. However, managing associated symptoms and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can improve quality of life.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Immediate medical attention is required if there is unexplained pain, significant swelling, dramatic change in limb coloration, or loss of function in the limb.

Additional Resources

• Vascular Birthmarks Foundation: www.birthmark.org

• American Association of Neurological Surgeons: www.aans.org

  Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure specificity by coding the location as "upper limb" with code Q27.31.
• Verify patient records for congenital classification to avoid misclassification with acquired vascular conditions.