Name of the Condition

• Extremely Low Birth Weight Newborn
• ICD-10-CM Code: P07.00

Summary

• Extremely low birth weight refers to newborns who weigh less than 1,000 grams (approximately 2.2 pounds) at birth. This condition often stems from premature birth and requires specialized medical care due to the increased risk of health problems and complications.

Causes

• Premature Birth: The most common cause, as babies born before 28 weeks gestation typically have very low birth weights.
• Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR): When the fetus doesn't grow at the normal rate in the womb.
• Multiple Pregnancies: Twins or other multiples often have lower birth weights.
• Maternal Health Issues: Conditions such as preeclampsia or severe diabetes may affect fetal growth.

Risk Factors

• Maternal Age: Very young (<15) or older (>35) mothers are at higher risk.
• Nutritional Status: Poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy can result in lower birth weights.
• Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, alcohol, and drug use during pregnancy.
• Socioeconomic Status: Limited access to healthcare can increase risks.

Symptoms

• The most notable symptom is the newborn's weight being significantly less than the norm.

Diagnosis

• Physical Examination: Initial visual and physical assessment immediately after birth.
• Weighing the Newborn: Using a calibrated scale to determine the exact weight.

Treatment Options

• Neonatal Intensive Care: Specialized medical care in a NICU to monitor and support the baby's vital functions.
• Nutrition: High-calorie formula or intravenous feeding to support growth.
• Oxygen Therapy: If breathing is compromised or immature.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• Outcomes vary depending on gestational age and speed of medical intervention. Regular follow-ups can address developmental concerns and prevent potential complications.

Complications

• Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS): Due to immature lungs.
• Infections: Weakened immune system makes newborns more susceptible.
• Developmental Delays: Including motor and cognitive impairments.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Prenatal Care: Regular check-ups can help manage any health issues.
• Healthy Lifestyle Choices: Avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs during pregnancy can lower risk.
• Balanced Diet: Adequate nutrition plays a crucial role in fetal growth.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Immediate medical attention is crucial if preterm labor symptoms occur or if there are signs of fetal distress during pregnancy.

Additional Resources

• March of Dimes: March of Dimes
• National Institute of Child Health and Human Development: NICHD

Tips for Medical Coders

• Complete documentation is key; always ensure the birth weight is unrecorded to accurately assign P07.00.
• Avoid assuming birth weight if not indicated—ensure the unspecified classification is supported by the clinical record.