Name of the Condition

• Preterm Labor Without Delivery, Second Trimester

Summary

Preterm labor without delivery in the second trimester is a condition where a pregnant woman experiences early contractions and other signs of labor between 13 and 26 weeks of pregnancy, but does not actually give birth. It requires medical attention to prevent progression to actual preterm birth.

Causes

The exact causes of preterm labor are not always clear but may include infections, placental issues, or previous history of preterm birth. It can also be triggered by stress, physical trauma, or certain medical conditions affecting the mother or fetus.

Risk Factors

• Past history of preterm labor or birth
• Multiple gestation (e.g., twins or triplets)
• Uterine or cervical abnormalities
• Chronic health issues such as high blood pressure or diabetes
• Lifestyle factors such as smoking or drug use
• Poor prenatal care

Symptoms

• Regular contractions leading to dilation of the cervix
• Pelvic pressure
• Backache
• Change in vaginal discharge
• Cramps similar to menstrual cramps

Diagnosis

• Physical examination to evaluate cervical changes
• Ultrasound to assess the length of the cervix
• Monitoring contractions with a fetal monitor
• Testing for fetal fibronectin in vaginal discharge

Treatment Options

• Bed rest or reduced physical activity
• Medications such as tocolytics to delay labor
• Corticosteroids to accelerate fetal lung maturity if birth appears imminent
• Treatment of any underlying infections

Prognosis and Follow-Up

With timely medical intervention, many women can carry the pregnancy closer to full term. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are crucial to monitor the health of both mother and baby and manage any persisting symptoms.

Complications

• Actual preterm birth leading to potential complications for the baby such as respiratory issues, developmental delays, or infections
• Emotional stress and anxiety for the mother

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Regular prenatal care
• Avoiding smoking, alcohol, and illicit drugs
• Following a healthy diet and maintaining a healthy weight
• Managing chronic health conditions under medical guidance

When to Seek Professional Help

• Experiencing contractions before 37 weeks
• Noticeable increase in pelvic pressure or abdominal pain
• Any sudden or unusual changes in vaginal discharge

Additional Resources

• March of Dimes: Website
• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: Website
• Preterm Labor Support Groups online

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure that the trimester is correctly identified as the second trimester.
• Double-check patient records for any complications that may require additional coding.
• Be aware of any coexisting conditions that may require separate codes, such as infections or previous history of preterm labor.