Name of the Condition

• Torsion of Ovary, Ovarian Pedicle, and Fallopian Tube
  
  • Commonly referred to as ovarian torsion or adnexal torsion.

Summary

• Ovarian torsion is a medical emergency where the ovary and sometimes the fallopian tube twist around the tissues that support them, cutting off the blood supply. This condition requires swift intervention to prevent severe complications.

Causes

• The exact cause often remains unidentified, but potential contributors include ovarian cysts, larger ovarian masses, or hypermobility of the reproductive organs. Pregnancy and fertility treatments may also increase risk.

Risk Factors

• Females of reproductive age, especially those on fertility treatments
• Previous history of ovarian torsion
• Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
• Use of hormonal medications or treatments

Symptoms

• Sudden, severe pelvic pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal tenderness
• Fever may occur as the condition progresses

Diagnosis

• Transvaginal ultrasound with Doppler studies to assess blood flow
• Physical pelvic examination
• MRI and CT scans in certain cases to confirm diagnosis

Treatment Options

• Surgery (laparoscopy or laparotomy) is the primary treatment to untwist and restore blood flow. In some cases, removal of the affected ovary (oophorectomy) may be necessary.
• Pain management through medication before surgical intervention.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• Prognosis is excellent with timely surgical intervention. Delays can lead to ovarian necrosis and removal.
• Regular check-ups post-surgery to monitor recovery and prevent recurrence.

Complications

• Loss of ovarian function or necrosis if not treated promptly
• Infertility if both ovaries are affected or removed
• Infection and bleeding as surgical complications

Lifestyle & Prevention

• While specific prevention is challenging due to varied causes, patients undergoing fertility treatment should have regular monitoring.
• Awareness of symptoms for early detection and intervention.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Immediate medical attention is necessary for sudden pelvic pain or any of the above symptoms, especially in women with risk factors.

Additional Resources

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)
• MedlinePlus
• Local patient support groups or hotlines for advice and sharing experiences.

Tips for Medical Coders

• Accurate documentation of surgical intervention is crucial for correct coding.
• Verify if both ovary and fallopian tube involvement are mentioned, to ensure full capture in the coding.
• Distinguish clearly between ovarian torsion and other gynecological emergencies in the records to avoid coding errors.