Name of the Condition

• Stress Fracture, Unspecified Tibia and Fibula
• Also known as: Stress Fracture of the Leg, Tibial/Fibular Stress Fracture

Summary

A stress fracture is a small crack or severe bruising within a bone. This injury is common in the tibia (shinbone) and fibula, resulting from repeated force, often from overuse, such as running or jumping repeatedly without adequate rest.

Causes

Stress fractures typically occur due to repeated mechanical stress on a bone that exceeds the bone's ability to repair itself. Common causes include increased physical activity, improper training techniques, and inadequate footwear.

Risk Factors

• Participation in high-impact sports (e.g., running, basketball)
• Sudden increase in physical activity level
• Poor nutrition, including lack of calcium or vitamin D
• Foot problems such as flat feet or high arches
• Low bone density or osteoporosis

Symptoms

• Pain in the affected limb that worsens with activity
• Swelling and tenderness around the fracture site
• Pain that diminishes with rest

Diagnosis

• Physical examination by a healthcare provider
• Imaging tests such as X-rays, although early stress fractures may not be visible
• MRI or bone scans for more detailed imaging

Treatment Options

• Rest and avoiding activities that put pressure on the leg
• Ice application to reduce swelling and pain
• Use of protective footwear or braces
• Gradual return to activity with a rehabilitation program
• In severe cases, surgical intervention to stabilize the fracture

Prognosis and Follow-Up

With proper management, most stress fractures heal completely without long-term issues. Follow-up care typically involves regular monitoring to ensure proper healing and to formulate a program for a gradual return to full activity.

Complications

• Delayed healing or chronic pain if not adequately managed
• Risk of complete fracture if stress fracture is continually subjected to excessive force

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Incorporate gradual increases when starting new physical activities
• Wear appropriate footwear for sport and activity
• Maintain a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D to support bone health
• Engage in exercises that enhance bone strength and density

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek medical attention if you experience persistent leg pain that worsens with activity, particularly if accompanied by swelling, tenderness, or bruising.

Additional Resources

• American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) website
• National Osteoporosis Foundation website

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure correct identification of the fracture site as the unspecified tibia and fibula.
• Confirm the encounter type for accurate coding; this situation represents an initial encounter.
• Avoid confusion with other types of fractures or conditions affecting the tibia and fibula.