Name of the Condition

• Spontaneous Rupture of Flexor Tendons, Unspecified Ankle and Foot
• Also known technically as Spontaneous Tendon Rupture of the Ankle/Foot

Summary

Spontaneous rupture of flexor tendons in the ankle and foot refers to an injury where the tendons responsible for flexing the foot break without an obvious trauma or injury. This condition can lead to difficulties in foot movement and weight-bearing activities.

Causes

• Sudden or repeated strain on the tendons
• Pre-existing tendon weakness due to chronic overuse or inflammation
• Certain medical conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes
• Long-term use of certain medications, such as corticosteroids or fluoroquinolone antibiotics

Risk Factors

• Age (common in older adults)
• Chronic diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes)
• Participation in activities that involve repetitive stress on the foot and ankle
• Previous injuries or surgeries in the foot or ankle region

Symptoms

• Sudden pain and swelling in the foot or ankle
• Difficulty or inability to flex the foot or toes
• Audible snap or pop at the time of rupture
• Weakness or loss of function in the foot

Diagnosis

• Physical examination to assess range of motion and pain
• Imaging studies, such as ultrasound or MRI, to visualize the rupture
• Patient history to evaluate potential causes or risk factors

Treatment Options

• Conservative management with rest, immobilization (bracing or casting), and physical therapy for mild cases
• Surgical repair for complete tears or if conservative treatment fails
• Anti-inflammatory medications or pain relievers to manage symptoms

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• With proper treatment, many individuals regain full function, though recovery may take several weeks to months
• Regular follow-up to monitor healing and adjust treatment as necessary
• Physical therapy may be required to restore strength and flexibility

Complications

• Chronic pain or swelling if untreated
• Loss of foot function or mobility
• Higher risk of re-injury

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Adequate warm-up and stretching before activities
• Avoidance of excessive repetitive stress on the feet and ankles
• Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce load on the tendons
• Managing chronic health conditions effectively

When to Seek Professional Help

• Sudden and severe pain in the ankle or foot
• Inability to walk or bear weight on the affected foot
• Notable swelling or visible deformity

Additional Resources

• American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: AAOS Website
• Arthritis Foundation: Arthritis Foundation Website

Tips for Medical Coders

• Verify if the specific tendon involved is documented to ensure accurate coding
• Ensure documentation specifies "spontaneous" to distinguish from traumatic ruptures
• Avoid assuming laterality (left or right) if not documented; use unspecified code appropriately