M43.05 Spondylolysis, thoracolumbar region

ICD10CM code

#### Name of the Condition
- Spondylolysis, thoracolumbar region
- Also referred to as a stress fracture or defect in the pars interarticularis of the vertebrae in the thoracolumbar region.

#### Summary
- Spondylolysis in the thoracolumbar region is a spinal condition characterized by a defect or fracture on one of the vertebral parts called the pars interarticularis. This condition can lead to instability in the spine.

#### Causes
- Spondylolysis is commonly caused by repetitive stress or overextension of the spine, often seen in athletes.
- Can also be due to congenital structural weaknesses or acute injury.

#### Risk Factors
- Participation in sports requiring repetitive hyperextension, such as gymnastics or football.
- Genetic predisposition to spinal structural weaknesses.
- Growth spurts in adolescents.

#### Symptoms
- Localized back pain, particularly during activities that involve bending or twisting.
- Stiffness in the affected region.
- Potential radiating pain if the defect affects nearby nerves.

#### Diagnosis
- Physical examination focusing on spine flexibility and pain points.
- Imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI to identify fractures or defects.

#### Treatment Options
- Non-surgical treatments include rest, physical therapy, and bracing to allow healing.
- NSAIDs or pain relief medications to manage discomfort.
- Surgery may be considered if conservative treatments are unsuccessful.

#### Prognosis and Follow-Up
- With appropriate treatment, many patients can recover without long-term complications.
- Regular follow-up may be needed to monitor the healing process and adjust treatment plans as necessary.

#### Complications
- If untreated, spondylolysis can lead to spondylolisthesis, where one vertebra slips over another, potentially causing nerve compression.
- Chronic pain and reduced mobility can occur without proper management.

#### Lifestyle & Prevention
- Engage in exercises that strengthen the core and support spine health.
- Use proper techniques and posture during physical activities.
- Gradually increase the intensity of physical activities to avoid strain on the spine.

#### When to Seek Professional Help
- Persistent or severe back pain that interferes with daily activities.
- Neurological symptoms such as numbness or weakness in the legs.

#### Additional Resources
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
- American Spinal Injury Association
- Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis Association for patient support.

#### Tips for Medical Coders
- Ensure the specific region, thoracolumbar, is correctly documented to avoid coding errors.
- Verify all supporting documentation to distinguish from conditions like spondylolisthesis.

Medical Policies and Guidelines for Spondylolysis, thoracolumbar region

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