Name of the Condition

• Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS)

Summary

• Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis refers to a curvature of the spine with no identifiable cause that occurs in children aged 10 to 18. It is called "idiopathic" when no specific cause for the curvature can be found.

Causes

• The exact cause of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is unknown; however, it is believed to have a genetic component, as it tends to run in families.

Risk Factors

• Age (most commonly occurs during adolescence)
• Gender (females are more likely to develop progressive curves)
• Family history of scoliosis

Symptoms

• Uneven shoulders or waist
• One hip higher than the other
• Noticeable curve in the spine
• Back pain in some cases, though often not present

Diagnosis

• Physical examination by a healthcare professional
• Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to confirm the diagnosis and measure the degree of curvature

Treatment Options

• Observation in mild cases, to monitor curve progression
• Bracing in moderate cases to prevent further curvature
• Surgery, such as spinal fusion, in severe cases to correct the scoliosis

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• The course of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis varies; most curves stabilize after adolescence. Regular monitoring is essential, especially if the child is still growing.
• Early detection and treatment can prevent progression and reduce the need for invasive procedures.

Complications

• If untreated, severe scoliosis can lead to significant physical deformity and discomfort, impaired balance and mobility, and, in rare cases, impact respiratory and cardiac function.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• There are no guaranteed ways to prevent idiopathic scoliosis, but maintaining a healthy lifestyle and regular check-ups during growth spurts can help manage the condition.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Seek medical attention if you notice a visible curve in the spine, uneven shoulders, or if clothing does not hang evenly.

Additional Resources

• Scoliosis Research Society: srs.org
• National Scoliosis Foundation: scoliosis.org

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure to specify the correct site and laterality if available, though M41.129 is used for unspecified site cases.
• Verify documentation to avoid errors related to coding description and ensure the idiopathic nature of scoliosis is clearly noted.