Name of the Condition

• Flail joint, right knee
• Also known as flail knee joint

Summary

Flail joint of the right knee is a medical condition where the knee joint becomes exceptionally unstable and lacks the ability to bear weight effectively, akin to a "flailing" motion. This instability is due to severe joint damage or neurological impairment affecting joint control.

Causes

The condition can result from significant trauma, such as fractures or dislocations, extended periods of joint immobilization leading to muscle atrophy and weakness, or neurological conditions like a stroke or peripheral nerve injury affecting muscle control.

Risk Factors

• Previous severe knee injury or surgery
• Neuromuscular disorders
• Advanced age or osteoarthritis
• Severe muscle weakness or paralysis

Symptoms

• Noticeable instability or "giving way" of the knee
• Difficulty bearing weight or walking
• Pain or discomfort in the knee area
• Swelling or reduced range of motion

Diagnosis

• Physical examination to assess joint stability
• Imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI to evaluate the joint structure
• Neurological tests if a nerve impairment is suspected

Treatment Options

• Physical Therapy: Strengthens surrounding muscles to improve support.
• Bracing: Provides external support to stabilize the knee.
• Surgical Intervention: In severe cases, reconstructive surgery may be necessary.
• Neuromuscular Training: Helps regain muscle control if neurological factors are involved.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• The prognosis varies depending on the underlying cause and severity. With treatment, some regain significant stability.
• Regular follow-ups are crucial for monitoring joint function and adjusting treatment plans.

Complications

• Persistent pain or disability
• Development of arthritis from chronic instability
• Increased risk of falls and related injuries

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Regular exercise and maintaining muscle strength around the knee
• Use of supportive devices as recommended by healthcare providers
• Preventive care after knee injuries to ensure proper healing

When to Seek Professional Help

• Sudden or worsening instability in the knee
• Inability to bear weight
• Severe pain, swelling, or signs of infection

Additional Resources

• American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: OrthoInfo
• Arthritis Foundation: Knee Joint Health

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure accurate side identification: “right knee” for M25.261.
• Confirm the diagnosis involves instability to differentiate from other knee conditions.
• Double-check documentation for potential associated injuries or underlying conditions influencing instability.