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Nail dystrophy

ICD10CM code

Name of the Condition

  • Nail dystrophy
  • Also known as onychodystrophy.

Summary

Nail dystrophy refers to a condition where the nails become malformed, discolored, or otherwise appear abnormal. It can affect fingernails or toenails and varies in severity from mild discoloration to complete nail loss.

Causes

  • Trauma or injury to the nail or nail bed.
  • Fungal infections such as onychomycosis.
  • Skin conditions like psoriasis or eczema.
  • Genetic predispositions or congenital abnormalities.
  • Systemic diseases, including diabetes or thyroid disorders.

Risk Factors

  • Family history of nail disorders.
  • Chronic exposure to moisture or chemicals.
  • Pre-existing skin conditions.
  • Advanced age, as older adults often experience more nail irregularities.

Symptoms

  • Brittle, cracked, or split nails.
  • Thickening or thinning of nails.
  • Change in nail color or texture.
  • Abnormal nail shape or detachment from the nail bed.

Diagnosis

  • Physical examination of the nails.
  • Laboratory tests, including fungal cultures or biopsies, to rule out infections.
  • Occasionally, blood tests to identify underlying systemic conditions.

Treatment Options

  • Antifungal medications if caused by infections.
  • Topical treatments for conditions like psoriasis.
  • Avoidance of triggering factors, such as harsh chemicals.
  • Use of protective gloves to minimize trauma.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

  • Highly variable, dependent on the underlying cause.
  • Many cases improve with appropriate treatment and avoidance of triggers.
  • Regular dermatological appointments may be necessary for chronic cases.

Complications

  • Secondary bacterial or fungal infections.
  • Permanent nail deformity in severe or advanced cases.
  • Impact on self-esteem or quality of life due to cosmetic concerns.

Lifestyle & Prevention

  • Keep nails trimmed and clean.
  • Protect hands with gloves when exposed to moisture or chemicals.
  • Maintain good overall health, including managing chronic conditions like diabetes.
  • Avoid trauma to nails by wearing appropriate footwear and using safe grooming techniques.

When to Seek Professional Help

  • Rapid changes in nail appearance or structure.
  • Signs of infection such as redness, swelling, or pus.
  • Pain or discomfort associated with nails.

Additional Resources

Tips for Medical Coders

  • Ensure accurate identification of all contributing causes for comprehensive coding.
  • Confirm whether nail dystrophy is primary or secondary to other conditions for precise classification.
  • Double-check documentation for specifications, such as affected nails and severity, to avoid undercoding or overcoding.

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