K35.31 Acute appendicitis with localized peritonitis and gangrene, without perforation

ICD10CM code

#### Name of the Condition
- Acute Appendicitis with Localized Peritonitis and Gangrene, Without Perforation (ICD-10: K35.31)

#### Summary
Acute appendicitis with localized peritonitis and gangrene, without perforation, is a severe inflammation of the appendix that leads to tissue death (gangrene) and localized infection of the abdominal lining (peritonitis), but without the appendix rupturing.

#### Causes
- Blockage of the appendix, often due to fecaliths (hardened stool), foreign bodies, or lymphoid hyperplasia.
- Infection by bacteria within the appendix.

#### Risk Factors
- Age: Most commonly affects individuals between 10 and 30 years.
- Family history of appendicitis may increase risk.
- Certain infections that can cause inflammation in the digestive tract.

#### Symptoms
- Severe abdominal pain, particularly in the lower right quadrant.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Fever and chills.
- Loss of appetite.
- Rebound tenderness when pressing on the abdomen.

#### Diagnosis
- Physical examination focusing on abdominal pain.
- Blood tests showing elevated white blood cell count (indicative of infection).
- Imaging such as an abdominal ultrasound or CT scan to assess appendix condition.

#### Treatment Options
- Surgical removal of the appendix (appendectomy) is typically required to prevent further complications.
- Intravenous antibiotics to tackle bacterial infection and peritonitis.
- Pain management during pre and post-surgery.

#### Prognosis and Follow-Up
- Generally good prognosis if treated promptly with surgery.
- Regular follow-ups post-surgery to ensure proper healing and monitor for infections.

#### Complications
- Potential spread of gangrene and peritonitis if left untreated, leading to serious infection.
- Development of abscess or sepsis if the condition progresses without treatment.

#### Lifestyle & Prevention
- No definitive prevention for appendicitis; however, maintaining a healthy diet with fiber-rich foods may lower risks.
- Awareness of family medical history and discussing potential risk factors with a healthcare provider.

#### When to Seek Professional Help
- Immediate medical attention is necessary if experiencing severe abdominal pain, especially if accompanied by fever, nausea, or vomiting.

#### Additional Resources
- American College of Surgeons (facs.org)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (niddk.nih.gov)

#### Tips for Medical Coders
- Ensure specificity in documentation to capture the presence of localized peritonitis and gangrene.
- Avoid coding errors by distinguishing between conditions with and without perforation.

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