G40.119 Localization-related (focal) (partial) symptomatic epilepsy and epileptic syndromes with simple partial seizures, intractable, without status epilepticus

ICD10CM code

#### Name of the Condition
- Localization-related (focal) (partial) symptomatic epilepsy and epileptic syndromes with simple partial seizures, intractable, without status epilepticus
- Commonly abbreviated as "Focal Intractable Epilepsy with Simple Partial Seizures"

#### Summary
- Focal intractable epilepsy with simple partial seizures is a type of epilepsy where seizures originate from a specific region of the brain. These seizures do not typically impair consciousness and are resistant to conventional treatments.

#### Causes
- Possible causes include brain injury, infections, tumors, and developmental abnormalities. In some cases, the cause may remain unknown.

#### Risk Factors
- Family history of epilepsy, past infections affecting the brain, head trauma, stroke, or congenital brain conditions can increase the risk of developing focal epilepsy.

#### Symptoms
- Symptoms vary depending on the brain area affected but may include abnormal sensations, muscle contractions, and visual or auditory hallucinations. Consciousness is typically maintained during these seizures.

#### Diagnosis
- Diagnosis often involves an electroencephalogram (EEG) to detect electrical activity patterns associated with epilepsy, along with MRI or CT scans to identify brain abnormalities.

#### Treatment Options
- Treatment may involve antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), although some seizures remain resistant. In such cases, dietary therapies like the ketogenic diet or surgical interventions such as resection of the epileptogenic area may be considered.

#### Prognosis and Follow-Up
- Prognosis varies greatly. Some patients can achieve seizure control with treatment, while others may continue to experience seizures. Regular follow-ups are essential for monitoring and adjusting treatments.

#### Complications
- Unmanaged seizures can lead to injury, cognitive impairment, and reduced quality of life. Chronic cases may increase the risk of mental health issues.

#### Lifestyle & Prevention
- Adopting a regular sleep schedule, stress management, and avoiding seizure triggers (lights, lack of sleep, certain medications) can help manage the condition. However, primary prevention is challenging due to the diverse causes.

#### When to Seek Professional Help
- Seek medical attention if seizures persist despite treatment, if new symptoms develop, or if seizures result in injury. Immediate help is essential if seizures last more than 5 minutes.

#### Additional Resources
- Epilepsy Foundation: [www.epilepsy.com](https://www.epilepsy.com)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: [www.ninds.nih.gov](https://www.ninds.nih.gov)

#### Tips for Medical Coders
- Ensure accurate distinction between simple partial and other types of seizures. 
- Avoid confusion with seizures involving altered consciousness or status epilepticus.

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