Name of the Condition

• Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, Moderate (MDD)
• Also known as clinical depression or unipolar depression.

Summary

Major depressive disorder, single episode, moderate, is a mental health condition characterized by a persistent feeling of sadness or lack of interest in external stimuli. It affects a person’s ability to perform daily activities and enjoy life.

Causes

• The exact cause is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors.
• Neurotransmitter imbalances in the brain.
• Stressful life events or trauma.

Risk Factors

• Family history of depression or other mental health disorders.
• Personal history of other mental health conditions.
• Substance abuse.
• Chronic illness or severe medical conditions.
• Major life changes or stressors.

Symptoms

• Persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness.
• Loss of interest or pleasure in most activities.
• Changes in appetite and weight.
• Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia or oversleeping.
• Fatigue or lack of energy.
• Difficulty concentrating or making decisions.
• Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt.
• Recurring thoughts of death or suicide.

Diagnosis

• Conducted through a comprehensive clinical evaluation by a mental health professional.
• Use of questionnaires or assessment tools like the PHQ-9.
• Diagnostic criteria from the DSM-5.

Treatment Options

• Medications: Antidepressants such as SSRIs or SNRIs help to balance neurotransmitters in the brain.
• Psychotherapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or interpersonal therapy (IPT) can help address negative thinking and behavior patterns.
• Lifestyle Modifications: Regular exercise and healthy eating.
• Support Groups: Encouraging social support and engagement with others.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• Many patients respond well to a combination of treatment strategies and can go on to lead fulfilling lives.
• Regular follow-up appointments are crucial for monitoring progress and adjusting treatments as needed.

Complications

• Increased risk of developing chronic depression or another mental health disorder.
• Impairment in social, occupational, and other important areas of functioning.
• Increased risk of suicide or self-harm.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity, can help manage symptoms.
• Stress management techniques, like mindfulness or yoga.
• Early intervention and treatment of initial symptoms.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Experiencing persistent symptoms that interfere with daily life.
• Having thoughts of harming oneself or others.

Additional Resources

• National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI): nami.org
• Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA): dbsalliance.org

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure accurate coding by confirming the severity as “moderate.”
• Avoid common errors like misclassifying the condition as a recurrent episode or of a different severity level.