D12.8 Benign neoplasm of rectum

ICD10CM code

#### Name of the Condition
- Benign Neoplasm of Rectum
- Also known as: Non-cancerous rectal tumor, Rectal polyp (if applicable)

#### Summary
A benign neoplasm of the rectum refers to a non-cancerous tumor located in the rectal area. These growths typically do not spread to other parts of the body and are considered non-cancerous. However, they can sometimes become large and cause symptoms.

#### Causes
- Abnormal cell growth in the rectal lining.
- Familial genetic syndromes such as familial adenomatous polyposis.
- Chronic inflammation or irritation of the rectum.

#### Risk Factors
- Age: Higher incidence in older adults.
- Family history of colorectal polyps or cancer.
- Lifestyle factors, such as a diet low in fiber, high in fat.
- History of inflammatory bowel disease.

#### Symptoms
- Often asymptomatic.
- Rectal bleeding or blood in stools.
- Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation.
- Abdominal discomfort or pain.

#### Diagnosis
- Colonoscopy: A procedure to visualize the rectum and colon.
- Biopsy: Tissue samples taken during colonoscopy for laboratory analysis.
- Imaging: CT or MRI scans to evaluate the size and spread of the neoplasm.

#### Treatment Options
- Monitoring: Regular surveillance if the neoplasm is small and asymptomatic.
- Surgical removal: Polypectomy or local excision to remove the growth.
- Endoscopic procedures: Minimally invasive techniques for removal.

#### Prognosis and Follow-Up
- Generally good prognosis with appropriate treatment.
- Regular follow-ups crucial for monitoring recurrence or new growths.
- Most benign neoplasms do not recur after removal.

#### Complications
- Risk of becoming malignant over time if not monitored.
- Potential for growth to cause obstruction or rectal bleeding.
- Complications from surgical intervention, though rare.

#### Lifestyle & Prevention
- High-fiber diet and maintaining a healthy weight.
- Regular physical activity.
- Smoking cessation and limiting alcohol intake.
- Regular screening for those with a family history of colorectal issues.

#### When to Seek Professional Help
- Persistent rectal bleeding or blood in stools.
- Unexplained changes in bowel habits lasting more than a week.
- Any persistent symptoms that cause concern or discomfort.

#### Additional Resources
- American Cancer Society: [www.cancer.org](https://www.cancer.org)
- Colorectal Cancer Alliance: [www.ccalliance.org](https://www.ccalliance.org)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: [www.niddk.nih.gov](https://www.niddk.nih.gov)

#### Tips for Medical Coders
- Verify whether the neoplasm is benign through diagnosis details before coding D12.8.
- Ensure accurate identification of rectal location as opposed to colon or anus.
- Avoid confusing rectal neoplasms with malignant tumors, which have a different coding.

Similar Codes