Also known as glottic cancer or cancer of the vocal cords
Summary
Malignant neoplasm of glottis is a type of cancer that arises from the glottis, the middle part of the larynx where the vocal cords are located. It primarily affects the voice box and can cause significant voice changes, breathing difficulties, and other symptoms.
Causes
The exact cause is often unknown, but it is associated with mutations in the DNA of glottic cells. Risk factors include lifestyle choices and environmental exposures.
Risk Factors
Tobacco use (smoking or chewing)
Excessive alcohol consumption
Occupational exposure to certain chemicals or substances
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
Being male and over 40 years old
Symptoms
Hoarseness or changes in voice
Persistent cough
Sore throat or throat discomfort
Difficulty swallowing
Ear pain
Breathing difficulties in advanced stages
Diagnosis
Laryngoscopy to visually examine the vocal cords
Biopsy of suspicious tissue
Imaging tests like CT scans, MRIs, or PET scans to assess the extent of the spread
Treatment Options
Surgery: Removes the tumor and may include partial or total laryngectomy.
Radiation therapy: Targets and kills cancer cells in and around the glottis.
Chemotherapy: Utilized often in conjunction with radiation for advanced cases to destroy cancer cells.
Targeted therapy: May be applicable depending on specific characteristics of the cancer.
Prognosis and Follow-Up
Prognosis depends on the stage at diagnosis; early detection generally leads to better outcomes.
Regular follow-up is crucial for monitoring any recurrence or metastasis of cancer.
Complications
If untreated, it can lead to obstruction of the airway, metastasis to other body parts, and even death.
Treatment complications include voice changes, swallowing difficulties, and potential need for tracheostomy.
Lifestyle & Prevention
Cease smoking and limit alcohol intake.
Use protective gear to minimize exposure to occupational hazards.
Routine examinations for high-risk individuals for early detection.
When to Seek Professional Help
Seek immediate medical attention if experiencing persistent hoarseness, unexplained throat pain, or difficulty breathing/swallowing.