Name of the Procedure:

Brachytherapy Source, Stranded, Palladium-103, Per Source
Common name(s): Brachytherapy
Technical/Medical terms: Palladium-103 Stranded Source, Internal Radiation Therapy

Summary

Brachytherapy is a form of internal radiation treatment that involves placing radioactive seeds directly into or near a tumor. These seeds release radiation over time to kill cancer cells. Specifically, Palladium-103 (Pd-103) seeds are used due to their lower energy which targets tumors while sparing surrounding healthy tissue.

Purpose

Brachytherapy with Palladium-103 is primarily used to treat certain types of cancer, such as prostate cancer. The goal is to deliver a high dose of radiation precisely to the tumor, minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues and reducing side effects compared to external radiation therapy.

Indications

• Localized prostate cancer
• Tumors that are well-defined and have not metastasized
• Patient suitability based on health status and tumor characteristics

Preparation

• Patients may be required to fast for a certain period before the procedure.
• Medication adjustments may be necessary, particularly blood thinners.
• Preliminary diagnostic tests such as MRI or CT scans may be conducted to map the tumor.

Procedure Description

1. Anesthesia: The patient is administered general or spinal anesthesia.
2. Imaging: Imaging tools like ultrasound or CT scans help guide the placement of seeds.
3. Insertion: Using thin needles, the Pd-103 seeds, which are encased and stranded to prevent migration, are inserted directly into the tumor.
4. Verification: Imaging is used again to ensure accurate placement.

Duration

The procedure typically takes 1-2 hours.

Setting

Brachytherapy with Pd-103 is usually performed in a hospital or specialized outpatient surgical center.

Personnel

• Radiation oncologist
• Urologist or oncologic surgeon
• Anesthesiologist
• Nursing staff specialized in radiation therapy

Risks and Complications

• Common Risks: Discomfort, localized bleeding, infection at the insertion site.
• Rare Risks: Significant damage to surrounding organs, urinary incontinence, or sexual dysfunction.

Benefits

The main benefits are a targeted treatment that minimizes damage to healthy tissue, which can lead to fewer side effects. Results may become apparent within weeks to months, depending on the cancer type.

Recovery

• Post-Procedure Care: Patients may be advised to rest for a few days and limit physical activity.
• Recovery Time: Usually, within a week, with gradual return to normal activities.
• Follow-Up: Regular follow-up appointments to monitor the effectiveness and manage any side effects.

Alternatives

• External Beam Radiation Therapy: More invasive and broader side effects.
• Surgery (e.g., prostatectomy): More invasive with potential for longer recovery.
• Active Surveillance: For less aggressive tumors, monitoring rather than immediate treatment.

Patient Experience

Patients might feel mild discomfort during and after the procedure. Pain is typically managed with over-the-counter painkillers or prescribed medications. Most patients can return to normal activity within a few days while being mindful of the doctor's recommendations for post-procedure care.