Name of the Procedure:

Flow cytometry, cell surface, cytoplasmic, or nuclear marker, technical component only; first marker

Summary

Flow cytometry is a laboratory technique used to detect and measure physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles. This procedure focuses on the technical application of identifying and analyzing the first marker on or within the cells.

Purpose

Flow cytometry is primarily used to diagnose and monitor diseases, especially blood cancers. It can also be used in research to study cell characteristics and populations.

Indications

• Symptoms or suspicion of leukemia or lymphoma
• Monitoring of immune system function
• Research in cell biology

Preparation

• No special fasting or specific pre-procedure steps are typically required.
• Blood or tissue samples may need to be collected before the procedure.

Procedure Description

1. A sample of cells is suspended in a fluid.
2. The sample is introduced into a flow cytometer.
3. Cells pass individually through one or more lasers.
4. Detectors capture data based on light scatter and fluorescence.
5. Data is analyzed to determine the presence and quantity of the specific markers.

The procedure utilizes a flow cytometer equipped with lasers and detectors. No anesthesia or sedation is required.

Duration

The analysis typically takes a few hours, depending on the sample size and complexity.

Setting

The procedure is conducted in a specialized laboratory setting.

Personnel

• Medical laboratory technicians
• Pathologists or laboratory physicians

Risks and Complications

• Minimal risks are associated with the sampling process, such as minor bleeding or infection at the site of sample collection.

Benefits

• Accurate and rapid diagnosis of blood cancers and immune disorders.
• Detailed information about cell populations, which can guide treatment decisions.

Recovery

• No recovery time is needed for the flow cytometry process itself.
• Follow-up may be necessary depending on the results and the underlying condition.

Alternatives

• Immunohistochemistry: Another technique for identifying cellular markers, but it is more labor-intensive.
• PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): Useful for genetic analysis but doesn't provide the same level of cellular detail.

Patient Experience

• The patient will not feel anything related to the flow cytometry process itself.
• If blood or tissue samples are taken, there might be mild discomfort or bruising at the site of collection. Pain management is typically not necessary.