Name of the Procedure:

Ureteral Reflux Study (Radiopharmaceutical Voiding Cystogram)

Summary

A ureteral reflux study, also known as a radiopharmaceutical voiding cystogram, is a diagnostic procedure that uses a special dye and imaging techniques to visualize the bladder and ureters. It helps determine if urine is flowing backward from the bladder into the ureters, known as vesicoureteral reflux.

Purpose

The procedure is designed to diagnose vesicoureteral reflux, a condition where urine flows backward from the bladder to the kidneys. The goal is to identify the presence and severity of reflux to guide treatment and prevent potential kidney damage.

Indications

• Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Unexplained kidney infections or pyelonephritis
• Structural anomalies of the urinary tract
• Family history of vesicoureteral reflux

Preparation

• No specific fasting is required, but the bladder should be empty at the start of the procedure.
• Patients may be asked to undergo a preliminary ultrasound or similar diagnostic test.
• Younger children might need a discussion on what to expect to ease anxiety.

Procedure Description

1. The patient is positioned comfortably on an imaging table.
2. A thin catheter is gently inserted into the bladder through the urethra.
3. Radiopharmaceutical dye is introduced into the bladder via the catheter.
4. The patient will be asked to void (urinate), and images are taken using a special camera to visualize the flow of urine and detect any reflux into the ureters.
5. The catheter is removed after the procedure.

Duration

The procedure typically takes about 30 to 60 minutes.

Setting

The procedure is usually performed in a hospital radiology department or an outpatient imaging center.

Personnel

• Radiologist
• Radiologic technologist
• Nurse

Risks and Complications

• Discomfort or pain during catheter insertion
• Slight risk of urinary tract infection post-procedure
• Rare allergic reaction to the dye

Benefits

• Accurate diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux
• Helps prevent kidney damage by guiding appropriate treatment
• Ensures targeted and timely intervention

Recovery

• Patients can typically resume normal activities immediately.
• Drinking plenty of fluids post-procedure is advised to help flush out the dye.
• Follow-up appointments as needed based on results.

Alternatives

• Ultrasound: Non-invasive but less detailed for reflux detection.
• Intravenous pyelogram (IVP): Uses X-rays and dye to provide similar information but typically involves higher radiation exposure.
• MRI Urography: A non-radiative alternative providing detailed images though may be less readily available.

Patient Experience

• During the procedure: Some discomfort may be felt during catheter insertion.
• After the procedure: Slight burning sensation while urinating, if experienced, usually subsides quickly. Pain management is typically not necessary, but over-the-counter pain relievers can be used for discomfort if needed.