Name of the Procedure:

Urography (pyelography), intravenous, with or without KUB (Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder imaging), with or without tomography (IVU/IVP)

Summary

Urography, also known as intravenous pyelography (IVP) or intravenous urography (IVU), is a diagnostic imaging procedure where a contrast dye is injected into a vein to visualize the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. It helps detect abnormalities, obstructions, or diseases in the urinary tract.

Purpose

• Medical Condition: It addresses conditions such as kidney stones, tumors, persistent urinary infections, or structural abnormalities in the urinary tract.
• Goals: To diagnose and evaluate the condition of the urinary tract, helping physicians plan appropriate treatment.

Indications

• Persistent urinary tract infections
• Blood in the urine (hematuria)
• Abdominal or flank pain
• Suspected kidney stones
• Unexplained back or side pain
• Evaluation of known or suspected tumors

Preparation

• Fasting for 4 to 6 hours before the procedure.
• Hydration: Patients may be asked to drink plenty of water prior to the procedure unless advised otherwise.
• Medication adjustments: Inform the doctor of any medications being taken; some may need to be paused.
• Pre-procedure evaluations may include blood tests to check kidney function.

Procedure Description

1. Pre-procedure: Patient changes into a hospital gown and lies on the X-ray table.
2. Injection: A contrast dye is injected into a vein, typically in the arm.
3. Imaging: X-rays or CT scans are taken at timed intervals to track the dye as it travels through the urinary tract.
4. KUB imaging: Additional images may be taken of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
5. Tomography (if included): Detailed cross-sectional images are taken using CT technology.
   • Equipment: X-ray machine, CT scanner (if tomography is performed), intravenous line for contrast dye.
   • Anesthesia/Sedation: Usually not required, but sedatives may be given if the patient is anxious.

Duration

The procedure usually takes between 30 minutes to 1 hour.

Setting

Performed in a hospital’s radiology department, outpatient imaging center, or specialized diagnostic clinic.

Personnel

• Radiologist or urologist
• Radiologic technologist
• Nurse (for assistance with IV placement and patient care)

Risks and Complications

• Common: Mild allergic reactions to contrast dye (e.g., rash, itching).
• Rare: Severe allergic reactions, nephrotoxicity (kidney damage), or anaphylaxis.
• Management: Allergic reactions are managed with medications; severe reactions may require emergency care.

Benefits

• Expected Benefits: Accurate diagnosis of urinary tract issues, guiding effective treatment strategies.
• How Soon: Immediate visualization of abnormalities during the procedure.

Recovery

• Post-procedure Care: Drink plenty of fluids to help flush the contrast dye from the body.
• Recovery Time: Usually minimal; patients can typically resume normal activities shortly after.
• Restrictions: Follow any specific instructions given by the healthcare provider.
• Follow-up: Scheduled appointments may be needed to discuss results and plan further care.

Alternatives

• Ultrasound: Non-invasive and avoids exposure to X-rays but may be less detailed.
• MRI Urography: No radiation but may be more expensive and less available.
• CT Urography: More detailed but involves higher radiation exposure compared to IVP.

Patient Experience

• During the Procedure: Patients may feel a warm sensation or a metallic taste when the contrast dye is injected. Lying still during imaging is required.
• After the Procedure: Mild fatigue and increased urination due to fluids. Pain is typically minimal, and any discomfort is managed with over-the-counter pain relievers if necessary.

By understanding what to expect, patients can better prepare and manage their experience during and after urography.