Name of the Procedure:

Tympanostomy (Insertion of Ventilating Tube), Local or Topical Anesthesia
Common Name(s): Ear Tube Surgery, Grommet Insertion
Medical Term: Tympanostomy Tube Insertion

Summary

Tympanostomy, or ear tube surgery, involves the insertion of small tubes into the eardrum to allow air to enter the middle ear. This procedure is generally performed using local or topical anesthesia to minimize discomfort.

Purpose

Tympanostomy addresses chronic ear infections and persistent fluid buildup in the middle ear. The primary goals are to improve hearing, reduce the frequency and severity of ear infections, and restore proper ventilation in the ear.

Indications

• Chronic otitis media with effusion (persistent fluid in the ear)
• Recurrent acute otitis media (frequent ear infections)
• Hearing loss related to middle ear fluid
• Eustachian tube dysfunction

Preparation

• Fasting is typically not required due to the use of local or topical anesthesia.
• Patients should inform their healthcare provider of any medications they are taking, as some may need adjustment.
• Pre-procedure assessments may include a hearing test and examination by an otolaryngologist.

Procedure Description

1. The patient lies on their back while the ear is cleaned and prepped.
2. Local or topical anesthetic is applied to numb the eardrum.
3. A small incision (myringotomy) is made in the eardrum.
4. Any fluid present in the middle ear is suctioned out.
5. A tiny ventilating tube is inserted into the incision to maintain an open airway.
6. The procedure is repeated for the other ear if necessary.

Tools and Equipment

• Otoscope or microscope for visualization
• Myringotomy blade or laser
• Suction device
• Tympanostomy tubes

Anesthesia Details

Local or topical anesthesia is used to numb the eardrum. General anesthesia is rarely needed for adults but may be used for young children or anxious patients.

Duration

The procedure typically takes 10 to 15 minutes for both ears.

Setting

Tympanostomy is usually performed in an outpatient clinic, surgical center, or hospital setting.

Personnel

• Otolaryngologist (ENT specialist)
• Nurse or medical assistant
• Anesthesiologist or nurse (for anesthesia administration and monitoring)

Risks and Complications

• Infection
• Persistent drainage from the ear
• Tube blockage
• Tubes falling out prematurely or remaining too long
• Scarring or changes to the eardrum
• Hearing loss (rare)

Benefits

• Relief from recurrent ear infections
• Improved hearing
• Reduction in ear pain and pressure
• Better speech and language development in children

Recovery

• Mild discomfort and drainage may occur for a few days.
• Patients can usually resume normal activities shortly after the procedure.
• Avoid water activities unless otherwise advised by the doctor.
• Follow-up appointments are necessary to monitor tube function and ear health.

Alternatives

• Watchful waiting for spontaneous resolution
• Antibiotic treatment for infections
• Hearing aids for hearing loss
• Balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube

Pros and Cons of Alternatives

• Watchful waiting may delay relief.
• Antibiotics can treat infections but do not address fluid buildup.
• Hearing aids improve hearing but do not solve the underlying problem.
• Balloon dilation is less invasive but may not be as effective for all patients.

Patient Experience

• The procedure is quick with minimal pain due to local anesthesia.
• Some mild discomfort or pressure may be felt during recovery.
• Pain management includes over-the-counter pain relievers and ear drops for comfort.
• Most patients experience significant improvement in symptoms within a few days.