Name of the Procedure:

Ocular Surface Reconstruction: Amniotic Membrane Transplantation (Multiple Layers)

Summary

Ocular surface reconstruction through amniotic membrane transplantation involves using layers of amniotic membrane to repair damaged or diseased tissue on the surface of the eye. This helps promote healing and restore the function of the eye's surface.

Purpose

This procedure is designed to treat conditions that damage the ocular surface, such as severe dry eye syndrome, persistent corneal defects, or chemical burns. The goal is to restore a healthy surface to the eye, improve vision, and reduce discomfort.

Indications

• Persistent epithelial defects
• Severe ocular surface diseases like Stevens-Johnson syndrome
• Chemical or thermal burns
• Corneal ulcers or infections that do not respond to medical treatment

Preparation

• Patients might need to undergo a comprehensive eye examination.
• Fasting may be required if general anesthesia is used.
• Medication adjustments could be necessary, especially blood thinners.

Procedure Description

1. Anesthesia: Local anesthesia is usually applied, though general anesthesia may be used in some cases.
2. Preparation: The eye is surrounded with sterile drapes, and antiseptic solution is applied.
3. Membrane Application: Donor amniotic membrane is prepared and layered over the affected area of the ocular surface.
4. Securing: The membrane is secured using sutures or fibrin glue.
5. Multiple Layers: If necessary, additional layers of the membrane are applied to ensure adequate coverage and promote healing.
6. Finishing: A protective contact lens might be placed over the eye to hold the membrane in position.

Duration

The procedure typically takes between 30 minutes to one hour.

Setting

This is usually an outpatient procedure performed in a hospital, specialized eye clinic, or surgical center.

Personnel

• Ophthalmologist (Eye Surgeon)
• Operating room nurse
• Anesthesiologist (if general anesthesia is used)

Risks and Complications

• Infection
• Displacement of the membrane
• Bleeding
• Scar formation
• Recurrence of the original condition

Benefits

• Promotes healing of the ocular surface.
• Improves vision and comfort.
• Provides a protective environment for the regeneration of ocular tissues.

Recovery

• Patients may need to use antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops.
• Follow-up appointments are necessary to monitor healing.
• Recovery time can vary, but patients usually see improvement within a few weeks.
• Avoid rubbing the eyes and strenuous activities during recovery.

Alternatives

• Autologous serum eye drops
• Conjunctival flap surgery
• Corneal transplant
• Each alternative comes with its own set of benefits and risks, which should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

Patient Experience

During the procedure, patients may feel some pressure but should not feel pain due to anesthesia. Post-procedure, mild discomfort or irritation is common, but pain management options are available. Using medications as prescribed and adhering to follow-up care will enhance comfort and recovery.