Name of the Procedure:

Keratoprosthesis (Commonly referred to as KPro or artificial cornea implantation)

Summary

Keratoprosthesis is a surgical procedure that involves replacing a damaged or diseased cornea with an artificial corneal implant. This procedure is often used when traditional corneal transplants are unlikely to succeed.

Purpose

The medical condition or problem it addresses:

• Severe corneal opacity or scarring
• Corneal degeneration
• Failed corneal grafts

The goals or expected outcomes of the procedure:

• Restoration of vision
• Improvement in quality of life
• Prevention of further ocular complications

Indications

Specific symptoms or conditions that warrant the procedure:

• Significant vision loss due to corneal opacity
• Ineligibility for traditional corneal transplant
• Previous corneal transplant failures

Patient criteria or factors that make the procedure appropriate:

• Patients with irreparable corneal damage
• Those who have had multiple failed corneal transplants
• Patients with severe autoimmune diseases affecting the eye

Preparation

Pre-procedure instructions for the patient:

• Fasting may be required for a certain period before the procedure
• Discontinuation or adjustment of certain medications as advised by the doctor
• Arranging for transportation home post-procedure

Any diagnostic tests or assessments required beforehand:

• Comprehensive eye examination
• Visual acuity tests
• Corneal topography
• Blood tests
• Imaging studies of the eye

Procedure Description

Detailed step-by-step explanation:

1. Administration of local or general anesthesia.
2. Removal of the damaged corneal tissue.
3. Placement of the artificial cornea (Keratoprosthesis) in the prepared area.
4. Securing the implant with sutures.
5. Application of an eye patch or protective shield.

Tools, equipment, or technology used:

• Microsurgical instruments
• Artificial corneal implant (KPro device)
• Operating microscope

Anesthesia or sedation details, if applicable:

• General anesthesia or local anesthesia with sedation, depending on the patient's condition and surgical requirements.

Duration

The procedure typically takes about 2-3 hours, depending on the complexity and specific conditions of the patient.

Setting

The procedure is performed in a hospital operating room or specialized ophthalmic surgical center.

Personnel

Healthcare professionals involved:

• Ophthalmic surgeon
• Anesthesiologist
• Surgical nurses
• Ophthalmic technician

Risks and Complications

Common and rare risks associated with the procedure:

• Infection
• Implant rejection
• Glaucoma
• Retinal detachment
• Intraocular inflammation

Possible complications and their management:

• Regular follow-up visits to monitor for any signs of complications.
• Use of immunosuppressive medications to prevent rejection.
• Management of infections with antibiotics.

Benefits

Expected benefits:

• Significant improvement in vision
• Enhanced ability to perform daily activities
• Increased independence and quality of life

How soon benefits might be realized:

• Visual improvement may be noticed within a few weeks to a few months post-surgery.

Recovery

Post-procedure care and instructions:

• Use of prescribed eye drops and medications
• Avoiding strenuous activities and protecting the eye from injury
• Regular follow-up appointments with the ophthalmologist

Expected recovery time and any restrictions:

• Initial recovery period of about 2 to 4 weeks, with gradual improvement over several months.
• Restrictions on certain activities, particularly those that could jeopardize the eye.

Alternatives

Other treatment options available:

• Penetrating keratoplasty (traditional corneal transplant)
• Partial-thickness corneal transplants (e.g., DSEK or DALK)
• Conservative management with medical therapy

Pros and cons of alternatives compared to the described procedure:

• Traditional corneal transplant may not be viable in patients with complex ocular conditions.
• Partial-thickness corneal transplants have different success rates and may not be suitable for all patients.
• Conservative management may not provide significant visual improvement.

Patient Experience

What the patient might feel or experience during and after the procedure:

• During the procedure: Typically no pain due to anesthesia, but some pressure and manipulation may be felt.
• Post-procedure: Mild to moderate discomfort or pain, manageable with medications.
• Pain management and comfort measures: Use of prescribed pain relievers and protective measures for the eye to ensure a comfortable recovery process.