Name of the Procedure:

Episiotomy or Vaginal Repair, by Other than Attending

Summary

An episiotomy is a surgical cut made at the opening of the vagina during childbirth, to aid a difficult delivery and prevent tissue rupture. Vaginal repair involves stitching any tears or an episiotomy that occurred during delivery.

Purpose

The primary goal is to facilitate a smoother delivery and to repair any tears or cuts to prevent complications such as excessive bleeding, infection, or long-term dysfunction.

Indications

• Prolonged labor
• Large baby size
• Breech (bottom-first) delivery
• Use of instruments like forceps or vacuum
• Tears resulting from childbirth

Preparation

• Pre-assessment and consent
• Potential fasting if using specific anesthesia
• Discussing pain management options
• No significant food, drink, or medication restrictions typically required

Procedure Description

1. Episiotomy:
   • Administer local anesthesia
   • A sterile cut is made in the perineal tissue
2. Vaginal Repair:
   • Clean the area
   • Stitch the cut or tear with absorbable sutures
   • Apply antiseptic to prevent infection

Equipment used includes surgical scissors, sutures, needles, and a needle holder. Local anesthesia is commonly used.

Duration

The procedure typically takes about 15-30 minutes.

Setting

Hospital labor and delivery room or outpatient surgical center.

Personnel

• Obstetrician or gynecologist
• Attending nurse
• Possible anesthesiologist for specific cases

Risks and Complications

• Infection
• Bleeding
• Pain or discomfort
• Scar tissue formation
• Painful intercourse
• Rare: Prolapse or urinary incontinence

Benefits

• Facilitates safer, quicker delivery
• Reduces risk of severe tearing
• Promotes quicker healing of tissue

Recovery

• Administer pain relief as needed
• Keep the area clean and dry
• Avoid heavy lifting and vigorous activities
• Recovery time is typically 4-6 weeks
• Follow-up appointments to monitor healing

Alternatives

• Natural tearing without intervention
• Perineal massage to prepare for delivery
• Non-surgical methods for managing labor Pros and cons vary: Natural tearing may heal better but pose higher risk of severe tears.

Patient Experience

During:

• Local anesthesia prevents pain, but pressure may be felt

After:

• Mild to moderate pain managed with medications
• Discomfort during urination or sitting Comfort measures include cold packs, sitz baths, and prescribed pain relievers.