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Laparoscopy, surgical, with vaginal hysterectomy, for uterus greater than 250 g; with removal of tube(s) and/or ovary(s)
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Laparoscopy, surgical, with vaginal hysterectomy, for uterus greater than 250 g; with removal of tube(s) and/or ovary(s)
- Common Name: Laparoscopic-Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH)
- Medical Term: Laparoscopic-Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy (LAVH with BSO)
Summary
Laparoscopic-Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure where the uterus, and sometimes one or both fallopian tubes and ovaries, are removed through the vagina with the aid of a laparoscope. The laparoscope is a thin, lighted tube with a camera that allows the surgeon to see inside the abdomen and guide the removal.
Purpose
LAVH with BSO addresses several medical problems, such as:
- Uterine fibroids
- Endometriosis
- Uterine prolapse
- Chronic pelvic pain
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
- Gynecologic cancers The goal of the procedure is to remove the uterus (and sometimes tubes and ovaries) to alleviate symptoms, treat disease, or prevent cancer.
Indications
- Persistent heavy menstrual bleeding not responsive to other treatments.
- Large fibroids causing pain or pressure.
- Endometriosis not responsive to medical treatment.
- Presence of uterine or ovarian cancer.
- Uterine prolapse.
- Chronic pelvic pain unresponsive to other treatments.
- Patient is medically cleared and desires surgery after discussion of other options.
Preparation
- Patients are usually advised to fast for 8-12 hours before the procedure.
- Blood tests, imaging studies, and a preoperative physical exam are often required.
- Medication adjustments may be needed, for example, stopping blood thinners.
- A bowel prep might be necessary to clear the intestines.
Procedure Description
- Under general anesthesia, small incisions are made in the abdomen to insert the laparoscope and surgical instruments.
- Carbon dioxide gas may be pumped into the abdomen to expand it for better visibility.
- The surgeon uses the laparoscope to cut and detach the uterus, fallopian tubes, and/or ovaries.
- The uterus and other organs are removed through the vagina.
- Incisions are closed with sutures or surgical glue.
- The patient is then taken to the recovery room to wake up from anesthesia.
- Tools/Equipment: Laparoscope, surgical instruments, carbon dioxide gas.
- Anesthesia: General anesthesia.
Duration
The procedure typically takes between 2 to 4 hours.
Setting
The procedure is usually performed in a hospital operating room or a specialized surgical center.
Personnel
- Lead Surgeon (Gynecologist)
- Surgical Assistant(s)
- Anesthesiologist
- Operating Room Nurse(s)
- Surgical Technologist
Risks and Complications
- Common Risks: Infection, bleeding, blood clots, reaction to anesthesia.
- Rare Complications: Damage to surrounding organs (bladder, intestines), hernias at incision sites, long-term pelvic pain, adhesions.
Benefits
- Relief from chronic pain, heavy bleeding, or pressure symptoms.
- Treatment and potential cure of endometriosis, fibroids, or cancer.
- Shorter recovery time compared to traditional open surgery.
- Reduced pain and shorter hospital stay.
Recovery
- Post-procedure care includes pain management with medications, avoiding heavy lifting, and keeping incisions clean.
- Most patients can go home the next day but may experience some pain and fatigue.
- Full recovery typically takes 4 to 6 weeks.
- Follow-up appointments are necessary to monitor healing.
Alternatives
- Medication management (e.g., hormonal treatments).
- Endometrial ablation (for heavy bleeding).
- Myomectomy (removal of fibroids only).
- Watchful waiting (in cases where immediate surgery is not critical).
- Pros: Less invasive, less immediate recovery time.
- Cons: May not fully address the condition, symptoms may persist or worsen.
Patient Experience
- During the procedure, the patient will be under general anesthesia and will not feel pain.
- Postoperatively, patients may experience discomfort, bloating, and pain at incision sites.
- Pain management includes prescribed pain relievers and rest.
- Patients should have support at home for the initial recovery to assist with daily tasks.